Association between Maternal Adverse Childhood Experiences and Risk of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in the Offspring

Na, Min Chull; Kim, Moon Doo; Park, Joon Hyuk; Jung, Young Eun; Moon, Duk Soo; Yang, Hyun; Kim, Bung Nyun; Kang, Na Ri

doi:10.5765/jkacap.200045

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Seven studies (10.3%) aimed to assess the relationship between parental ACEs and child mental health problems such as child psychological adjustment (Adkins et al, 2020), child resilience and self-esteem (Doi et al, 2022), child emotional availability (Harris et al, 2021), child stress functioning (Hendrix et al, 2022), child psychiatric disorders (Kang et al, 2022), child attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms (Moon et al, 2021), and child post-traumatic stress disorder (Na et al, 2021).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intergenerational Transmission of Parental Adverse Childhood Experiences and Children’s Outcomes: A Scoping Review

Zhang

Mersky

Gruber

et al. 2022

Trauma, Violence, & Abuse

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Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are among the leading environmental causes of morbidity and mortality. Extending research on within-generation effects, more recent scholarship has explored between-generation consequences of ACEs. Despite growing interest in the intergenerational effects of parents’ ACEs on children’s outcomes, this line of scholarship has yet to be coalesced into a comprehensive review. The current study is a scoping review on the intergenerational transmission of parental ACEs and children’s outcomes. Ten databases such as PubMed, APA PsycArticles, and Social Work Abstracts were searched. To be included, empirical studies must have been published in English and analyzed associations between a cumulative measure of at least four parental ACEs and children’s outcomes. Sixty-eight studies qualified for the review and, among these, 60 were published in the most recent 5 years (2018–2022). Fifty-one studies had sample sizes smaller than 500, and 55 focused on the effect of maternal ACEs. Nearly all studies demonstrated that parental ACEs could affect children’s outcomes directly or indirectly via mechanisms like maternal mental health problems or parenting-related factors. By scoping the extant literature, this review advances the knowledge base regarding the intergenerational impacts of parental childhood trauma and children’s outcomes. It also reveals methodological limitations that should be addressed in future research to strengthen causal inferences along with practical implications for interventions that aim to interrupt the intergenerational transmission of trauma.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intergenerational Transmission of Parental Adverse Childhood Experiences and Children’s Outcomes: A Scoping Review

Zhang

Mersky

Gruber

et al. 2022

Trauma, Violence, & Abuse

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“…Without detailed individual-level data, we were unable to examine the transmission of trauma from mother to child. There is some evidence from studies with parent-child cohorts that risk can be passed across generations [38][39][40][41]. Additionally, some mechanisms proposed for intergenerational transmission include epigenetic changes and poor parenting skills among those exposed to trauma [40,42].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence rate of schizophrenia after the Tangshan earthquake in China: a 44-year retrospective birth cohort study

et al. 2022

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Preliminary evidence indicates that natural disasters are associated with an increased risk for schizophrenia. With few longitudinal studies on earthquakes, this retrospective cohort study examined exposure to the 1976 Tangshan earthquake and the subsequent risk of schizophrenia. Population counts and visits to all nine psychiatric hospitals in Tangshan city were collected. We created three cohort groups by earthquake exposure: infant (August 1972 to July 1976 births), fetal (August 1976 to May 1977 births), and unexposed (June 1977 to May 1981 births). The cumulative incidence of schizophrenia in each cohort was calculated by dividing the number of schizophrenia patients by total births in the corresponding period. Altogether, 6424 schizophrenia patients were identified, with 2786 in the infant group, 663 in the fetal group, and 2975 in the unexposed group. The crude cumulative incidence of schizophrenia in the infant, fetal and unexposed groups were 7.64 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 7.36–7.92), 9.07 (95% CI = 8.38–9.76), and 7.40 (95% CI = 7.13–7.66) per thousand population respectively. Adjusted for mortality, the corresponding figures were 7.73 (95% CI = 7.44–8.01), 9.30 (95% CI = 8.60–10.01) and 7.44 (95% CI = 7.18–7.71) per thousand population respectively. The mortality-adjusted risk ratio (aRR) was 1.25 (95% CI = 1.15–1.36) between fetal and unexposed groups (χ2 = 27.31, P < 0.001). Males exposed as infants did not differ from the unexposed in cumulative schizophrenia incidence. People with fetal exposure to the 1976 earthquake had 25% higher risk of developing schizophrenia compared to unexposed counterparts.

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“…The association between externalizing symptoms and childhood adversities has not yet been fully established, and it is affected by numerous other factors that are yet unknown. Previous studies have focused on the moderators of the association between anxiety and childhood adversities, such as psychological resilience and maternal adverse childhood experiences [ 26 , 27 ], and identifying ADHD as another possible moderator may help understand our results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Adversities during Childhood on Anxiety Symptoms in Children and Adolescents: Comparison of Typically Developing Children and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Group

Lim

Kweon

Kim

2021

J Korean Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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Objectives: Childhood adversity is a risk factor for anxiety symptoms, but it affects anxiety symptoms in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The current study aimed to examine the association between childhood adversity and anxiety symptoms in participants with and without ADHD. Methods: Data were obtained from a school-based epidemiological study of 1017 randomly selected children and adolescents. The ADHD and non-ADHD groups were divided using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children Predictive Scale (DPS). The DPS was also used to assess comorbidities such as anxiety and mood disorders. The childhood adversities were assessed using the Early Trauma Inventory Self Report-Short Form, and the anxiety symptoms were assessed using the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders. Linear and logistic regression models were used to investigate the association between childhood adversity and anxiety in the ADHD and non-ADHD groups with adjustments for age and sex.Results: This study found that the ADHD group did not show any significant association between anxiety symptoms and childhood adversities, whereas the non-ADHD group always showed a significant association. In a subgroup analysis of the non-ADHD group, the normal group without any psychiatric disorders assessed with DPS demonstrated a statistically significant association between childhood adversities and anxiety symptoms. These results were consistent with the association between childhood adversities and anxiety disorders assessed using DPS, as shown by logistic regression. Conclusion:The association between anxiety symptoms and childhood adversities statistically disappears in ADHD; ADHD may mask or block the association. Further longitudinal research is necessary to investigate this relationship.

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Association between Maternal Adverse Childhood Experiences and Risk of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in the Offspring

Cited by 6 publications

References 28 publications

Intergenerational Transmission of Parental Adverse Childhood Experiences and Children’s Outcomes: A Scoping Review

Intergenerational Transmission of Parental Adverse Childhood Experiences and Children’s Outcomes: A Scoping Review

Incidence rate of schizophrenia after the Tangshan earthquake in China: a 44-year retrospective birth cohort study

Effects of Adversities during Childhood on Anxiety Symptoms in Children and Adolescents: Comparison of Typically Developing Children and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Group

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