Association between Nephrolithiasis, Hypertension and Obesity in Polycystic Kidney Disease

Abstract

AIM:We aim to define the correlations between nephrolithiasis, hypertension, age and obesity in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) in Albania.MATERIAL AND METHODS:We included 100 patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney from 2011 to 2014. The patients underwent X-ray and renal ultrasonography. We performed the metabolic evaluation of blood and urine.RESULTS:The patients with renal stones had a higher level of mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure compared with patients without stones (155 ± 12 mmHg vs. 145 ± 8 mmHg, and 105 ± 0.9 mmHg vs. 92 ± 1.28 mmHg, respectively). Patients with renal stones were older (47 ± 15 vs. 38 ± 5 years), had a higher prevalence of obesity [body mass index (BMI): 28 ± 2.4 vs. 25.7 ± 0.6], had higher levels of total cholesterol level (220 ± 5 mg/dl vs. 203 ± 4 mg/dl) as well as triglyceride levels (160 ± 9 mg/dl vs. 126 ± 4 mg/dl), compared with no renal stone individuals.CONCLUSION:ADPKD patients with renal stones in our study had a higher mean level of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, BMI and cholesterol and triglycerides levels compared with individuals without renal stones.

GANAB and PKD1 Variations in a 12 Years Old Female Patient With Early Onset of Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease

“…Nephrolithiasis is an important manifestation of ADPKD, which occurs in approximately 20% of patients (Torres et al, 1993) and was one of the clinical manifestations in our patient with the dual mutation. It is not clear whether both mutations play a role in the stone formation or just PKD1 (Bairami et al, 2016). The high incidence of nephrolithiasis is thought to be the consequence of the combination of anatomic abnormality and metabolic risk factors in ADPKD patients, the composition of the stones is most frequently uric acid and/or calcium oxalate (Torres et al, 1993).…”

Evaluation of Nephrolithiasis Risk Factors in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD): A Single Center Experience

“…In previous studies, the prevalence of kidney stones was found to range between 13.3% (11) to 58% (12) of the patients with ADPKD. In the present study 23.7% of our patients had nephrolithiasis in accordance with the rate of other studies.…”

“…In general population age and BMI has been found to be an important factor for development of kidney stones (20) . In a recent study, Bajrami et al (12) reported a significant effect of age, HT and BMI on nephrolithiasis in group of patients with ADPKD. However, this relation was not shown by Nishiura et al (8) except from mean ages of the patients.…”

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease and the heart and brain

“…Hypertension is strongly associated with an accelerated decline in renal function to endstage renal disease, development of left ventricular hypertrophy, and cardiovascular death. 20,24 Although a prospective study 25 showed a strong association between renal stones and hypertension in ADPKD, the relation between them is not clear. The incidence of renal stones is higher in hypertensive than in normotensive ADPKD patients, although evidence has to be established whether nephrolithiasis is a risk factor for hypertension or the other way around.…”

“…The incidence of renal stones is higher in hypertensive than in normotensive ADPKD patients, although evidence has to be established whether nephrolithiasis is a risk factor for hypertension or the other way around. 25 Hypertension in ADPKD is multifactorial (Figure 1). The major factors associated with its development are increased activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS); overexpression of endothelin receptor subtype A (ET-A) in cystic kidneys; increased production of endothelin 1 (ET-1); and sodium retention.…”