Association between Newly Diagnosed Essential Hypertension, Smoking, Assymetric Dimethylarginine and ischemia-Modified Albumin

Abstract

Essential hypertension (HT) is one of the major reasons for admission to hospitals worldwide; it is a preventable and curable disease. In case of long-term exposure, clinical pictures such as renal failure, heart failure, and blindness can occur (1).Because the endothelium is a vascular layer that has very important roles in the maintenance of normal vascular functions, its dysfunction leads to many diseases of the cardiovascular system. One of the important molecules that regulate endothelial functions is nitric oxide (NO). NO deficiency can cause endothelial dysfunction and many diseases, particularly cardiovascular disease (2). Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is an endogenous NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor. It inhibits local NO synthesis and causes endothelial dysfunction. It is considered as a risk factor for the development of coronary artery disease and essential HT (3).Ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) is a molecule that emerges due to a series of structural changes in the amino-terminal end binding metals in serum albumin (4). Its level increases due to oxidative stress, and one of the reasons for this increase is acute coronary syndrome (5).Smoking triggers many inflammatory disorders, particularly pulmonary diseases characterized by a progressive restriction in the airways. Although this process has not been clearly explained yet, it affects the extrapulmonary system (6).This study aimed to investigate the relationship between oxidative stress and increasing ADMA and IMA levels in patients with newly diagnosed HT and a history of smoking. MethodsThis study included 95 consecutive patients who presented to the outpatient clinic for any reason. The patients were divided into three groups: those who were healthy and non-smokers (Group 1, n=25), those who had left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) accompanying newly diagnosed HT and were smokers (Group 2, n=35), and those who had LVH accompanying newly diagnosed HT Association between Newly Diagnosed Essential Hypertension, Smoking, Assymetric Dimethylarginine and ischemia-Modified AlbuminObjective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between increasing levels of assymetric dimethylarginine (ADMA)and ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) in people with early diagnosis of hypertension (HT) and smoking history. Methods:The study included 95 outpatients who visited our hospital. Patients were classified into three groups: group 1, healthy and non-smokers (n=25); group 2, no smoker patients with newly diagnosed essential HT with LVH (left ventricle hypertrophia) (n=35); group 3, smoking patients with a LVH accompanying newly diagnosed essential HT (n=35). 51% of patients are females; 49% of them are males.The trial was approved by the local ethics committee. Blood samples were analyzed, which were taken after 8 h of fasting. Biochemical parameters such as, C reactive protein (CRP), ADMA, IMA values were recorded. Using echocardiography, cardiac values were recorded. Results:In this study, the first group consisted of 25 patients and second and third group of ...