Association Between Nitrate‐Reducing Oral Bacteria and Cardiometabolic Outcomes: Results From ORIGINS

Goh, Charlene Enhui; Trinh, Pauline; Colombo, P.C.; Genkinger, Jeanine M.; Mathema, Barun; Uhlemann, Anne Catrin; LeDuc, Charles A.; Leibel, Rudolph L.; Rosenbaum, Michael; Paster, Bruce J.; Desvarieux, Moïse; Papapanou, Panos N.; Jacobs, David R.; Demmer, Ryan T.

doi:10.1161/jaha.119.013324

Cited by 57 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…These potentially adaptive, highly niche-specific variants have begun to be explored at scale, remaining stable within individual up to hundreds of days within subjects [102], but revealing extensive long-term plasticity between members of clades such as the Neisseria [11]. While there is extensive ongoing work regarding the role of overall oral microbial ecology in conditions from periodontitis [103] to pancreatic cancer [104] and heart disease [105], the ecological and genomic diversity of the oral microbiota has led to limited strain-specific associations to date. Several have been suggested for, e.g., Streptococcus variants in caries [106] or F. nucleatum in association with oral cancer [107]-suggesting intriguing links with its role in CRC.…”

Section: Strain Carriage and Variation In The Body-wide Human Microbiomementioning

confidence: 99%

Strain-level epidemiology of microbial communities and the human microbiome

et al. 2020

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The biological importance and varied metabolic capabilities of specific microbial strains have long been established in the scientific community. Strains have, in the past, been largely defined and characterized based on microbial isolates. However, the emergence of new technologies and techniques has enabled assessments of their ecology and phenotypes within microbial communities and the human microbiome. While it is now more obvious how pathogenic strain variants are detrimental to human health, the consequences of subtle genetic variation in the microbiome have only recently been exposed. Here, we review the operational definitions of strains (e.g., genetic and structural variants) as they can now be identified from microbial communities using different high-throughput, often culture-independent techniques. We summarize the distribution and diversity of strains across the human body and their emerging links to health maintenance, disease risk and progression, and biochemical responses to perturbations, such as diet or drugs. We list methods for identifying, quantifying, and tracking strains, utilizing highthroughput sequencing along with other molecular and "culturomics" technologies. Finally, we discuss implications of population studies in bridging experimental gaps and leading to a better understanding of the health effects of strains in the human microbiome.

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Section: Strain Carriage and Variation In The Body-wide Human Microbiomementioning

confidence: 99%

Strain-level epidemiology of microbial communities and the human microbiome

et al. 2020

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“…A high relative concentration of Prevotella melaninogenica was associated with a greater score in Salivary Flow Rate Questionnaires (SFR-Q) and smaller changes in plasma [NO 2 − ], systolic blood pressure (SBP), and pulse-wave velocity (PWV) in response to BR supplementation. Saliva samples represent a compound of bacteria from all oral sites, while dorsal tongue swab samples show the highest nitrate reductase activity [ 62 , 64 ].…”

Section: The Role Of Oral Microbiome In No Homeostasismentioning

confidence: 99%

How Periodontal Disease and Presence of Nitric Oxide Reducing Oral Bacteria Can Affect Blood Pressure

Pignatelli

Fabietti

Ricci

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Nitric oxide (NO), a small gaseous and multifunctional signaling molecule, is involved in the maintenance of metabolic and cardiovascular homeostasis. It is endogenously produced in the vascular endothelium by specific enzymes known as NO synthases (NOSs). Subsequently, NO is readily oxidized to nitrite and nitrate. Nitrite is also derived from exogenous inorganic nitrate (NO3) contained in meat, vegetables, and drinking water, resulting in greater plasma NO2 concentration and major reduction in systemic blood pressure (BP). The recycling process of nitrate and nitrite to NO (nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway), known as the enterosalivary cycle of nitrate, is dependent upon oral commensal nitrate-reducing bacteria of the dorsal tongue. Veillonella, Actinomyces, Haemophilus, and Neisseria are the most copious among the nitrate-reducing bacteria. The use of chlorhexidine mouthwashes and tongue cleaning can mitigate the bacterial nitrate-related BP lowering effects. Imbalances in the oral reducing microbiota have been associated with a decrease of NO, promoting endothelial dysfunction, and increased cardiovascular risk. Although there is a relationship between periodontitis and hypertension (HT), the correlation between nitrate-reducing bacteria and HT has been poorly studied. Restoring the oral flora and NO activity by probiotics may be considered a potential therapeutic strategy to treat HT.

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“…As a prebiotic dietary intervention, nitrate appears to increase the abundances of bacteria belonging to Neisseria and Rothia genera [ [26] , [27] , [28] ] and decreases abundances of Prevotella and Veillonella species [ 27 ]. Correlational analyses with physiological traits, however, have been limited to single-taxon comparisons [ 27 , 29 ] or aggregate abundances of selected nitrate reducing bacteria [ 30 , 31 ]. Such approaches cannot detect the nuances of complex synergistic and antagonistic relationships that exist among the bacterial ecosystem.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Network analysis of nitrate-sensitive oral microbiome reveals interactions with cognitive function and cardiovascular health across dietary interventions

et al. 2021

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Many oral bacteria reduce inorganic nitrate, a natural part of a vegetable-rich diet, into nitrite that acts as a precursor to nitric oxide, a regulator of vascular tone and neurotransmission. Aging is hallmarked by reduced nitric oxide production with associated detriments to cardiovascular and cognitive function. This study applied a systems-level bacterial co-occurrence network analysis across 10-day dietary nitrate and placebo interventions to test the stability of relationships between physiological and cognitive traits and clusters of co-occurring oral bacteria in older people. Relative abundances of Proteobacteria increased, while Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Fusobacteria decreased after nitrate supplementation. Two distinct microbiome modules of co-occurring bacteria, that were sensitive to nitrate supplementation, showed stable relationships with cardiovascular ( Rothia-Streptococcus) and cognitive ( Neisseria-Haemophilus) indices of health across both dietary conditions. A microbiome module ( Prevotella-Veillonella ) that has been associated with pro-inflammatory metabolism was diminished after nitrate supplementation, including a decrease in relative abundance of pathogenic Clostridium difficile . These nitrate-sensitive oral microbiome modules are proposed as potential pre- and probiotic targets to ameliorate age-induced impairments in cardiovascular and cognitive health.

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Association Between Nitrate‐Reducing Oral Bacteria and Cardiometabolic Outcomes: Results From ORIGINS

Cited by 57 publications

References 47 publications

Strain-level epidemiology of microbial communities and the human microbiome

Strain-level epidemiology of microbial communities and the human microbiome

How Periodontal Disease and Presence of Nitric Oxide Reducing Oral Bacteria Can Affect Blood Pressure

Network analysis of nitrate-sensitive oral microbiome reveals interactions with cognitive function and cardiovascular health across dietary interventions

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