Association between obesity and periodontal disease in young adults: a population‐based birth cohort

Abstract

AimTo evaluate the association between obesity and periodontal disease and the mediating effect of oral hygiene, systemic inflammation and carbohydrate intake.Material and methodsSubjects born in 1982 in Pelotas, Brazil (n = 5,914), have been followed for several times. Oral health was assessed in a representative sample of 720 individuals at 24 years. Obesity, waist circumference and number of episodes with obesity between 15 and 23 years of age were the main exposures. Mediating effect of oral hygiene, C-reactive protein level and carbohydrate consumption was also assessed.ResultsObese individuals were more likely to have ≥2 teeth with gingival bleeding. However, after adjusting for confounders, the association was not statistically significant [OR (obese × 2 or more teeth) 1.72 (95% CI: 0.95, 3.11)] and adjustment for potential mediators decreased the OR (OR = 1.38). The risk of presenting calculus in obese subjects was 10% higher [PR 1.10 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.18)]. The number of episodes of obesity between 15 and 23 years was associated with dental calculus. Periodontal pockets were not associated with obesity.ConclusionSystemic inflammation and oral hygiene may be mediating the association between obesity and gingivitis. Obesity was not associated with periodontal pockets in young adults in this cohort.

Relationship between periodontal disease and cardiovascular risk factors among young and middle-aged Brazilians. Cross-sectional study

“…11,13,14,[17][18][19][20] Some studies were conducted on large and more representative cohorts but still with diverse methodology, particularly relating to the diagnosis of PD, and were restricted to certain sex or age strata. 5,12,15,21 Very few studies other than ours have considered oral health or hygiene status in their analyses. 12,17 One of these was a Brazilian population-based birth cohort with a representative sample of 720 subjects in which the association between periodontal disease was determined through oral examination (at the age of 24 years) and obesity was evaluated.…”

“…9 However, it is not totally clear what the causal pathway between PD and CVD risk is. 10 Many observational studies have evaluated the association between different levels of periodontal disease and traditional CVRFs, such as obesity or correlated measurements, [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] while others have reported some association with diabetes 22 or metabolic disorders. 23,24 Among these studies, most reported an increased odds ratio (OR) for the relationship between obesity and periodontal disease.…”

The levels of visceral adipose tissue-derived serpin, omentin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-α in the gingival crevicular fluid of obese patients following periodontal therapy

“…Numerous studies have suggested a correlation between obesity and chronic periodontitis (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9). In addition, clinical periodontal parameters, such as gingival inflammation and loss of attachment, are associated with a high body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) (10,11).…”

Condições periodontais e de higiene bucal, qualidade de vida e satisfação com a vida em pacientes obesos diabéticos e não diabéticos submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica

“…O acúmulo de placa bacteriana nas superfícies dentárias está associado com a presença de alterações bucais como a presença de sangramento gengival e de cálculo dentário, e consequentemente à doença periodontal (IRIGOYEN-CAMACHO et al, 2014;FRANCHINI et al, 2011). Os obesos avaliados neste estudo (G1 e G2) apresentaram pobres condições de higiene bucal na avaliação inicial (Tabela 4), dado que vai ao encontro do exposto na literatura científica (KIM et al, 2014;AKMAN et al, 2012;DE CASTILHOS et al, 2012;MATHUR et al, 2011;ZERMENO-IBARRA et al, 2010).…”

“…Em um estudo de coorte prospectiva, a inflamação sistêmica e a pobre condição de higiene bucal dos indivíduos foram descritas como mediadoras da associação entre a obesidade e a gengivite (DE CASTILHOS et al, 2012). Hábitos bucais deletérios como o tabagismo podem contribuir para o estabelecimento e progressão das alterações periodontais (TONETTI et al, 2015), bem como o consumo frequente de bebidas alcoólicas, que pode ser exacerbado após a Cirurgia Bariátrica, contribuindo para o reganho de peso (ODOM et al, 2010).…”