Association between Obesity and Unintentional Injury in Older Adults

B̀ouchard, Danielle R.; Pickett, William; Janssen, Ian

doi:10.1159/000322873

Cited by 21 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Unintentional injuries such as sprains and strains occur more often [45] . Obesity is an important risk for frailty either through increased levels of inflammatory markers or through sarcopenia (OR 3.5 in 70-to 79-year-old females) [46] .…”

Section: Health Consequences Of Obesity In the Elderlymentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, Pathophysiology, Health Consequences and Treatment Options of Obesity in the Elderly: A Guideline

2012

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The prevalence of obesity is rising progressively, even among older age groups. By the year 2030–2035 over 20% of the adult US population and over 25% of the Europeans will be aged 65 years and older. The predicted prevalence of obesity in Americans, 60 years and older was 37% in 2010. The predicted prevalence of obesity in Europe in 2015 varies between 20 and 30% dependent on the model used. This means 20.9 million obese 60+ people in the USA in 2010 and 32 million obese elders in 2015 in the EU. Although cut-off values of BMI, waist circumference and percentages of fat mass have not been defined for the elderly (nor for the elderly of different ethnicity), it is clear from several meta-analyses that mortality and morbidity associated with overweight and obesity only increases at a BMI above 30 kg/m<sup>2</sup>. Thus, treatment should only be offered to patients who are obese rather than overweight and who also have functional impairments, metabolic complications or obesity-related diseases, that can benefit from weight loss. The weight loss therapy should aim to minimize muscle and bone loss but also vigilance as regards the development of sarcopenic obesity – a combination of an unhealthy excess of body fat with a detrimental loss of muscle and fat-free mass including bone – is important in the elderly, who are vulnerable to this outcome. Life-style intervention should be the first step and consists of a diet with a 500 kcal (2.1 MJ) energy deficit and an adequate intake of protein of high biological quality together with calcium and vitamin D, behavioural therapy and multi-component exercise. Multi-component exercise includes flexibility training, balance training, aerobic exercise and resistance training. The adherence rate in most studies is around 75%. Knowledge of constraints and modulators of physical inactivity should be of help to engage the elderly in physical activity. The role of pharmacotherapy and bariatric surgery in the elderly is largely unknown as in most studies people aged 65 years and older have been excluded.

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Section: Health Consequences Of Obesity In the Elderlymentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, Pathophysiology, Health Consequences and Treatment Options of Obesity in the Elderly: A Guideline

2012

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“…Observational data show that unintentional weight loss is associated with increased disability [78, 79]. In addition, overweight and mild obesity are associated with protection against osteoporosis and fractures [80], with better prognostic recovery from certain illness and injuries [81], and with reduced mortality risk [81] in older adults. A position statement from The Obesity Society states that “ appropriate treatment for obesity in older persons is controversial because of the reduction in relative health risks associated with increasing BMI and the concern that weight loss could have potential harmful effects ” [37].…”

Section: Risks Of Obesity Treatment In Older Adultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caloric Restriction for Treatment of Geriatric Obesity: Do the Benefits Outweigh the Risks?

2015

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Most evidence for the health benefits of prescribing caloric restriction (CR) for weight loss is derived from randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) in young/middle-aged adults; there are very few RCTs in older adults in which the isolated effects of CR can be deciphered. The purpose of this review is to summarize the RCT evidence of the benefits (and potential risks) of CR for the treatment of obesity in older adults. We identified only 19 published papers from 10 RCTs ranging from 3 to 18 months that met the criteria of independent effects of a CR component and were conducted in adults with a mean age ≥65 yrs. Overall, the results show a beneficial treatment effect for improving some metabolic, functional and body composition outcomes with few documented risks. However, all outcomes were assessed immediately after treatment cessation. Thus, until additional scientifically rigorous evidence with long-term follow-up is available, the risk-to-benefit ratio of CR for the treatment of obesity in older adults remains unclear.

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“…Studies conducted among hospital workers (Kouvonen et al, 2013) and manufacturing workers (Pollack et al, 2007) reported a significant association between fracture and obesity. Bouchard, Pickett, and Janssen (2010) revealed that excessive fat would protect the risk of fracture in older adults when falling because of greater cushioning. However, our study found obese workers had a significant excess risk of fracture and falling.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of work-site injuries and relationship between obesity and injury among U.S. workers: NHIS 2004–2012

Charles

Andrew

et al. 2016

Journal of Safety Research

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Introduction Studies have reported associations between obesity and injury in a single occupation or industry. Our study estimated the prevalence of work-site injuries and investigated the association between obesity and work-site injury in a nationally representative sample of U.S. workers. Methods Self-reported weight, height, and injuries within the previous three months were collected annually for U.S. workers in the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) from 2004–2012. Participants were categorized as normal weight (BMI: 18.5–24.9 kg/m2), overweight (BMI: 25.0–29.9), obese I (BMI: 30.0–34.9), and obese II (BMI: 35+). The prevalence of injury and prevalence ratios from fitted logistic regression models was used to assess relationships between obesity and injury after adjusting for covariates. Sampling weights were incorporated using SUDAAN software. Results During the 9-year study period from 2004 to 2012, 1120 workers (78 workers per 10,000) experienced a work-related injury during the previous three months. The anatomical sites with the highest prevalence of injury were the back (14.3/10,000 ± 1.2), fingers (11.5 ± 1.3), and knees (7.1 ± 0.8). The most common types of injuries were sprains/strains/twists (41.5% of all injuries), cuts (20.0%), and fractures (11.8%). Compared to normal weight workers, overweight and obese workers were more likely to experience work-site injuries [overweight: PR = 1.25 (95% CI = 1.04–1.52); obese I: 1.41 (1.14–1.74); obese II: 1.68 (1.32–2.14)]. These injuries were more likely to affect the lower extremities [overweight: PR = 1.48, (95% CI = 1.03–2.13); obese I: 1.70 (1.13–2.55); obese II: 2.91 (1.91–4.41)] and were more likely to be due to sprains/strains/twists [overweight: PR = 1.73 (95% CI=1.29–2.31); obese I: PR = 2.24 (1.64–3.06); obese II: PR = 2.95 (2.04–4.26)]. Conclusions Among NHIS participants, overweight and obese workers were 25% to 68% more likely to experience injuries than normal weight workers. Practical applications Weight reduction policies and management programs may be effectively targeted towards overweight and obese groups to prevent or reduce work-site injuries.

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Association between Obesity and Unintentional Injury in Older Adults

Cited by 21 publications

References 44 publications

Prevalence, Pathophysiology, Health Consequences and Treatment Options of Obesity in the Elderly: A Guideline

Prevalence, Pathophysiology, Health Consequences and Treatment Options of Obesity in the Elderly: A Guideline

Caloric Restriction for Treatment of Geriatric Obesity: Do the Benefits Outweigh the Risks?

Prevalence of work-site injuries and relationship between obesity and injury among U.S. workers: NHIS 2004–2012

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