Association between oral health and colorectal adenoma in a screening population

Lee, Donghyoun; Jung, Keechul; Kim, Hyung Ook; Kim, Hungdai; Chun, Ho-Kyung

doi:10.1097/md.0000000000012244

Cited by 20 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…As stated above, multiple epidemiological studies showed a strong association between orodigestive cancers and poor oral health [97–102], periodontal diseases [103–106], tooth loss [98, 99, 101, 102, 106, 107], and periodontal diagnostic parameters such as clinical attachment loss (CAL) and alveolar bone loss [108, 109]. Additionally, patients showing gastric precancerous lesions were more likely to have higher percentages of sites with gingival bleeding [97, 110].…”

Section: Association Between Periodontitis and Orodigestive Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Inflammation as a Link between Periodontitis and Carcinogenesis

Hoare

Soto

Rojas-Celis

et al. 2019

Mediators of Inflammation

145

138

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Periodontitis is characterized by a chronic inflammation produced in response to a disease-associated multispecies bacterial community in the subgingival region. Although the inflammatory processes occur locally in the oral cavity, several studies have determined that inflammatory mediators produced during periodontitis, as well as subgingival species and bacterial components, can disseminate from the oral cavity, contributing therefore, to various extraoral diseases like cancer. Interestingly, carcinogenesis associated with periodontal species has been observed in both the oral cavity and in extra oral sites. In this review, several studies were summarized showing a strong association between orodigestive cancers and poor oral health, presence of periodontitis-associated bacteria, tooth loss, and clinical signs of periodontitis. Proinflammatory pathways were also summarized. Such pathways are activated either by mono- or polymicrobial infections, resulting in an increase in the expression of proinflammatory molecules such as IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, and TNF-α. In addition, it has been shown that several periodontitis-associated species induce the expression of genes related to cell proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, transport, and immune and inflammatory responses. Intriguingly, many of these pathways are linked to carcinogenesis. Among them, the activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and antiapoptotic pathways (such as the PI3K/Akt, JAK/STAT, and MAPK pathways), the reduction of proapoptotic protein expression, the increase in cell migration and invasion, and the enhancement in metastasis are addressed. Considering that periodontitis is a polymicrobial disease, it is likely that mixed species promote carcinogenesis both in the oral cavity and in extra oral tissues and probably—as observed in periodontitis—synergistic and/or antagonistic interactions occur between microbes in the community. To date, a good amount of studies has allowed us to understand how monospecies infections activate pathways involved in tumorigenesis; however, more studies are needed to determine the combined effect of oral species in carcinogenesis.

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Section: Association Between Periodontitis and Orodigestive Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Inflammation as a Link between Periodontitis and Carcinogenesis

Hoare

Soto

Rojas-Celis

et al. 2019

Mediators of Inflammation

145

138

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“…A body of evidence has shown that cytokines produced in inflamed periodontal tissues, together with virulence factors from periodontal pathogens and oral microbial agents, may gain access to the circulation, and, consequently, induce systemic inflammation [ 5 , 43 ]. Accordingly, it has been proposed that non-resolving periodontal inflammation may affect systemic inflammatory diseases and that cytokines may be considered as a possible pathogenic link between periodontitis and various systemic diseases, including IBD and CRC [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 38 , 44 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The following key words, achieved by studies investigating either colorectal cancer or periodontitis or both of them [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ], were employed in the literature search and were logically combined with the Boolean operators AND, OR, NOT.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the last decade, a growing body of evidence has reported the association between periodontitis and a variety of systemic inflammatory conditions and diseases, including atherosclerosis, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) [ 4 , 5 , 6 ]. Most notably, recent findings have also associated periodontitis with solid cancers, such as malignant neoplasms of the prostate, breast, lung, pancreas, and kidney [ 6 , 7 ]. Moreover, periodontitis has been associated with an increased risk of colorectal adenoma and colorectal cancer (CRC) development [ 8 , 9 ] and to an increased mortality from CRC [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Association between Periodontitis and Human Colorectal Cancer: Genetic and Pathogenic Linkage

Spirito

Toti

Pilone

et al. 2020

Life

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Periodontitis has been associated with an increased risk of and mortality associated with human colorectal cancer (CRC). Current evidence attributes such an association to the direct and indirect effects of virulence factors belonging to periodontal pathogens, to inflammatory mediators and to genetic factors. The aims of the study were to assess the existence of a genetic linkage between periodontitis and human CRC, to identify genes considered predominant in such a linkage, thus named leader genes, and to determine pathogenic mechanisms related to the products of leader genes. Genes linking periodontitis and CRC were identified and classified in order of predominance, through an experimental investigation, performed via computer simulation, employing the leader gene approach. Pathogenic mechanisms relating to leader genes were determined through cross-search databases. Of the 83 genes linking periodontitis and CRC, 12 were classified as leader genes and were pathogenically implicated in cell cycle regulation and in the immune-inflammatory response. The current results, obtained via computer simulation and requiring further validation, support the existence of a genetic linkage between periodontitis and CRC. Cell cycle dysregulation and the alteration of the immuno-inflammatory response constitute the pathogenic mechanisms related to the products of leader genes.

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“…A recent study showed that periodontitis defined by a self-report of oral health increases the risk of colorectal adenoma 38 . However, no study has ever investigated an association of proximal CRNs and periodontitis defined by objective criteria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Periodontitis is associated with an increased risk for proximal colorectal neoplasms

Kim

Lee

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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Interval colorectal cancers detected after colonoscopy are known to be highly associated with proximal colorectal neoplasms (CRNs). This cross-sectional study investigated whether periodontitis could be a risk factor for proximal CRNs in healthy individuals. A total of 2504 subjects who received a colonoscopy and dental exam were enrolled in this study. We divided the subjects into the periodontitis group (n = 216) and the control group (n = 2288). The periodontitis group was defined as subjects who had one or more teeth with a probing pocket depth (PPD) ≥4 mm. The prevalence of proximal CRNs was significantly higher in the periodontitis group (25.0%) than in the control group (12.3%) ( P < 0.001). Independent risk factors for proximal CRNs in the multivariate analysis were periodontitis, smoking, age, waist circumference, and triglycerides, and those for proximal advanced CRNs were periodontitis, age, and family history of CRC. However, periodontitis was not a risk factor for overall CRNs and advanced CRNs. Periodontitis was associated with an increased risk of proximal CRNs (odds ratio [OR], 1.525; 95% confidence intervals [95% CI], 1.071–2.172) and proximal advanced CRNs (OR, 2.671; 95% CI, 1.088–6.560). Periodontitis might be associated with proximal CRNs and proximal advanced CRNs.

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Association between oral health and colorectal adenoma in a screening population

Cited by 20 publications

References 56 publications

Chronic Inflammation as a Link between Periodontitis and Carcinogenesis

Chronic Inflammation as a Link between Periodontitis and Carcinogenesis

The Association between Periodontitis and Human Colorectal Cancer: Genetic and Pathogenic Linkage

Periodontitis is associated with an increased risk for proximal colorectal neoplasms

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