Association between particulate matter and emergency room visits, hospital admissions and mortality in Spokane, Washington

Slaughter, James C.; Kim, Eugene; Sheppard, Lianne; Sullivan, Jeffrey; Larson, Timothy V.; Claiborn, Candis

doi:10.1038/sj.jea.7500382

Cited by 112 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Of the 12 studies included in the metaanalysis (Figure 3), a positive association was found in 10; however, the association was significant in only 4. Studies in which researchers collected measurements of both PM 2.5 and PM 10 fractions, similar associations between COPD hospital admissions and these fractions were found (21,22,(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31). However, overall, a stronger association was found with PM 2.5 (OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01-1.05) than with PM 10 , which might be explained by the fact that smaller particles may penetrate deeper into the lungs.…”

Section: Systematic Reviewmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…Researchers in studies done in Europe estimated an overall stronger association (OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.02-1.06; I 2 = 47.3%) than in North America (OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.01-1.03; I 2 = 37.5%), possibly because CO concentrations in Europe were higher (2.1 6 0.7 mg/m 3 ) than in North America (1.5 6 0.2 mg/m 3 ), and the metaregression indicated that there is a nonlinear association between effect and ambient concentrations ( Figure E5). Researchers in most studies found significant associations with acute (25,34) or lagged effects of up to 3 days (21,30,31,35).…”

Section: Effect Of Comentioning

confidence: 99%

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Global Associations between Air Pollutants and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Hospitalizations: A Systematic Review

Moore¹,

Chatzidiakou²,

Kuku³

et al. 2016

Annals ATS

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Rationale: Exacerbations are key events in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), affecting lung function decline and quality of life. The effect of exposure to different air pollutants on COPD exacerbations is not clear. Objectives:To carry out a systematic review, examining associations between air pollutants and hospital admissions for COPD exacerbations.Methods: MEDLINE, Embase, BIOSIS, Science Citation Index, and the Air Pollution Epidemiology Database were searched for publications published between 1980 and September 2015. Inclusion criteria were focused on studies presenting solely a COPD outcome defined by hospital admissions and a measure of gaseous air pollutants and particle fractions. The association between each pollutant and COPD admissions was investigated in metaanalyses using random effects models. Analyses were stratified by geographical clusters for investigation of the consistency of the evidence worldwide.Measurements and Main Results: Forty-six studies were included, and results for all the pollutants under investigation showed marginal positive associations; however, the number of included studies was small, the studies had high heterogeneity, and there was evidence of small-study bias. Geographical clustering of the effects of pollution on COPD hospital admissions was evident and reduced heterogeneity significantly. Conclusions:The most consistent association was between a 1-mg/m 3 increase in carbon monoxide level and COPD-related admissions (odds ratio, 1.02; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.03). The heterogeneity was moderate, and there was a consistent positive association in both Europe and North America, although levels were clearly below World Health Organization guideline values. There is mixed evidence on the effects of environmental pollution on COPD exacerbations. Limitations of previous studies included the low spatiotemporal resolution of pollutants, inadequate control for confounding factors, and the use of aggregated health data that ignored personal characteristics. The need for more targeted exposure estimates in a large number of geographical locations is evident.

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Section: Systematic Reviewmentioning

confidence: 67%

Section: Effect Of Comentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Associations between Air Pollutants and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Hospitalizations: A Systematic Review

Moore¹,

Chatzidiakou²,

Kuku³

et al. 2016

Annals ATS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Many epidemiologic studies have reported associations between particulate matter (PM) air pollution and cardiorespiratory hospital admissions over the past two decades (e.g., [1][2][3][4]). These studies have shown that PM with a fine aerodynamic diameter of ≤2.5 µm (PM 2.5 ) is associated with increased respiratory and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Correlation of Satellite-Derived PM2.5 with Hospital Admissions for Respiratory Diseases

Liu

Mong

et al. 2016

Remote Sensing

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Abstract:Respiratory diseases, particularly allergic rhinitis, are spatially and temporally correlated with the ground PM 2.5 level. A study of the correlation between the two factors should therefore account for spatiotemporal variations. Satellite observation has the advantage of wide spatial coverage over pin-point style ground-based in situ monitoring stations. Therefore, the current study used both ground measurement and satellite data sets to investigate the spatial and temporal correlation of satellite-derived PM 2.5 with respiratory diseases. This study used 4-year satellite data and PM 2.5 levels of the period at eight stations in Taiwan to obtain the spatial and temporal relationship between aerosol optical depth (AOD) and PM 2.5 . The AOD-PM 2.5 model was further examined using the cross-validation (CV) technique and was found to have high reliability compared with similar models. The model was used to obtain satellite-derived PM 2.5 levels and to analyze the hospital admissions for allergic rhinitis in 2008. The results suggest that adults (18-65 years) and children (3-18 years) are the most vulnerable groups to the effect of PM 2.5 compared with infants and elderly people. This result may be because the two affected age groups spend longer time outdoors. This result may also be attributed to the long-range PM 2.5 transport from upper stream locations and the atmospheric circulation patterns, which are significant in spring and fall. The results of the current study suggest that additional environmental factors that might be associated with respiratory diseases should be considered in future studies.

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“…Although all the effects of aerosols are important, the effect on air quality is gaining specific interest and attention, as it directly relates to public health. There are numerous studies in the literature showing a direct relationship between high concentrations of ambient fine particles, and morbidity and mortality [2][3][4][5][6] . One of the widely proposed mechanisms related to the effect of aerosols on human health is that several types of aerosols produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in situ in the human respiratory system, while breathing.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Potential of Ambient Aerosols:An Indian Perspective

Rastogi¹,

Patel²

2017

Current Science

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Keywords: Ambient aerosols, oxidative potential, reactive oxygen species, pollutants sources.AMBIENT aerosols are tiny particles suspended in the air with size predominantly ranging between 10 nm to 10 m. Aerosols consist of a wide variety of organic and inorganic chemical species such as major cations and anions, transition metals, heavy metals, elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon species. They are injected into the atmosphere from a variety of natural (e.g. mineral dust, sea-salt, forest fire, volcanic eruption) and anthropogenic (e.g. biomass burning, fossil-fuel burning, vehicular and industrial emissions) sources, either directly (primary particles) or through the chemical processing of their gaseous precursors (secondary particles), or both. Aerosols are known to affect the earth's climate (radiation budget, hydrological cycle), aquatic ecosystem (biogeochemistry of oceans and lakes), and air quality (visibility and human health) 1 . Aerosols react with several atmospheric trace gases that leads to change in their chemical and physical properties, which can affect their optical and hygroscopic properties as well as bioavailability of nutrients. Although all the effects of aerosols are important, the effect on air quality is gaining specific interest and attention, as it directly relates to public health. There are numerous studies in the literature showing a direct relationship between high concentrations of ambient fine particles, and morbidity and mortality 2-6 . One of the widely proposed mechanisms related to the effect of aerosols on human health is that several types of aerosols produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in situ in the human respiratory system, while breathing. Production of ROS causes imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants in the body and leads to several cardiopulmonary diseases like bronchitis, breathing problem, asthma, lung cancer, heart attack and even death 2-4 . ROS are oxygen-containing chemical species with strong oxidizing capability. Although molecular oxygen is not very reactive due to spin restriction in its outermost orbits, when paramagnetic centres (different aerosol species) react with O 2 , ROS are generated. They include families of oxygen-centred or related free radicals, ions and molecules. The free-radical family includes, but is not limited to, hydroxyl, hydroperoxyl and organic peroxy radicals, ions consist of superoxide, hypochlorite and peroxynitrite ions, and molecules are represented by hydrogen peroxide, organic and inorganic peroxides (Figure 1). These ROS can be exogenous (ROS are constituents of the particle) and/or endogenous (formed by in situ reactions where particles act as catalysts). Exogenous ROS are also called particle-bound ROS, whereas endogenous ROS are called particle-induced ROS. Here, it is important to note that ambient particles act as a catalyst for the generation of endogenous ROS and therefore, they can be active until they are removed from the place of generation (atmosphere, human respiratory system, plants). Reactivity of ...

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Association between particulate matter and emergency room visits, hospital admissions and mortality in Spokane, Washington

Cited by 112 publications

References 29 publications

Global Associations between Air Pollutants and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Hospitalizations: A Systematic Review

Global Associations between Air Pollutants and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Hospitalizations: A Systematic Review

Spatial Correlation of Satellite-Derived PM2.5 with Hospital Admissions for Respiratory Diseases

Oxidative Potential of Ambient Aerosols:An Indian Perspective

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