Association between Passive Smoking from the Mother and Pediatric Crohn’s Disease: A Japanese Multicenter Study

Uchiyama, Köji; Haruyama, Yasuo; Shiraishi, Hideo; Katahira, Kentaro; Abukawa, Daiki; Ishige, Takashi; Tajiri, Hitoshi; Uchida, Keiichi; Uchiyama, Kan; Washio, Masakazu; Kobashi, Erika; Maekawa, Atsuko; Okamoto, Kazushi; Sairenchi, Toshimi; Imamura, Yuka; Ohhira, Shuji; Hata, Akira; Kobashi, Gén

doi:10.3390/ijerph17082926

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…When mothers who were also smokers were studied (passive maternal smoking), an increase in periodontal pathogens such as Campylobacter and Fusobacterium were uniquely noted in the predentate microbiomes of their offspring. These are important to emphasize because they are also known IBD pathobionts, and a recent multicenter study found that passive maternal smoking had a dose-dependent association with the development of pediatric IBD (170). Additionally, maternal smoking habits in the perinatal period have been associated with developing IBD in their offspring (odds ratios of 5.32 for CD; 3.02 for UC) when matched to unexposed controls, and we hypothesize that these oral microbial alterations may play an active role in the exacerbation or acceleration of IBD.…”

Section: Oral Microbiomial Development: Oral Mucosa Subgingiva and Sa...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The “Gum–Gut” Axis in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Hypothesis-Driven Review of Associations and Advances

Byrd

Gulati

2021

Front. Immunol.

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In modern medicine, the oral cavity has often been viewed as a passive conduit to the upper airways and gastrointestinal tract; however, its connection to the rest of the body has been increasingly explored over the last 40 years. For several diseases, the periodontium and gingiva are at the center of this oral-systemic link. Over 50 systemic conditions have been specifically associated with gingival and periodontal inflammation, including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), which have recently been elevated from simple “associations” to elegant, mechanistic investigations. IBD and periodontitis have been reported to impact each other’s progression via a bidirectional relationship whereby chronic oral or intestinal inflammation can impact the other; however, the precise mechanisms for how this occurs remain unclear. Classically, the etiology of gingival inflammation (gingivitis) is oral microbial dysbiosis in the subgingival crevice that can lead to destructive periodontal disease (periodontitis); however, the current understanding of gingival involvement in IBD is that it may represent a separate disease entity from classical gingivitis, arising from mechanisms related to systemic inflammatory activation of niche-resident immune cells. Synthesizing available evidence, we hypothesize that once established, IBD can be driven by microbiomial and inflammatory changes originating specifically from the gingival niche through saliva, thereby worsening IBD outcomes and thus perpetuating a vicious cycle. In this review, we introduce the concept of the “gum–gut axis” as a framework for examining this reciprocal relationship between the periodontium and the gastrointestinal tract. To support and explore this gum–gut axis, we 1) provide a narrative review of historical studies reporting gingival and periodontal manifestations in IBD, 2) describe the current understanding and advances for the gum–gut axis, and 3) underscore the importance of collaborative treatment and research plans between oral and GI practitioners to benefit this patient population.

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Section: Oral Microbiomial Development: Oral Mucosa Subgingiva and Sa...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The “Gum–Gut” Axis in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Hypothesis-Driven Review of Associations and Advances

Byrd

Gulati

2021

Front. Immunol.

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“…Further, our finding of neither a clinically nor statistically significant association between childhood passive tobacco smoking exposure and CD is consistent with existing research, where childhood passive smoking exposure has been consistently found to have no association with CD. 8 , 25 , 26 Overall, this study suggests a detrimental effect of adult smoking on the risk of CD in a previously understudied population in the Middle East. These findings, together with the existing literature, suggest a need for smoking cessation initiatives in populations at high risk of CD in the region, where smoking is prevalent, particularly amongst men, for whom it is culturally acceptable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

The Association Between Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Exposure to Tobacco Smoking: A Case-Control Study in Qatar

Abdallah¹,

Arif²,

Al-Malki³

et al. 2023

IJGM

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Objective This research investigated the association between childhood and adulthood tobacco smoking exposure with ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD) in Qatar. Study Design and Setting In this case-control study, CD and UC cases were matched to controls of the same age and sex. The associations between UC and CD and childhood passive smoking and adulthood active smoking were assessed using conditional multivariable logistic regression. Results A total of 89 CD cases, median age of 37 years (IQR 29–47), and 362 UC cases, median age of 35 years (IQR 28–44), and equal numbers of controls were included. After multivariable logistic regression, CD was associated with higher odds of being a current smoker (OR 2.51, 95% CI 0.85–7.37, p=0.095), with weak evidence against the null hypothesis. This association was more pronounced in women, where CD was associated with both adulthood current smoking (OR 42.71, 95% CI, 1.17–1559.57, p=0.041), and childhood smoking exposure (OR 8.23, 95% CI, 1.36–49.66, p=0.021). In males, no associations were observed between CD and the smoking exposures. No associations were observed between UC and both smoking variables. Conclusion In Qatar, adulthood tobacco smoking appears to increase the odds of CD. Further, our findings suggest that both childhood and adulthood cigarette smoke exposure may possibly have a detrimental effect on the odds of CD in females but not in males, although further research is needed.

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“… 7–9 The resulting dysbiosis is thus part of the pathogenesis of the disease and is maintained by the inflammatory response at the same time. Environmental triggers include Western dietary habits, 10 active and passive smoking, 11–13 use of antibiotics, 14 , 15 NSAID 16 , 17 and oral contraceptives. 18 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The microbiome landscape in pediatric Crohn’s disease and therapeutic implications

Fetter,

Weigel,

Ott

et al. 2023

Gut Microbes

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Dysbiosis of the gut microbiome and a pathological immune response in intestinal tissues form the basis of Crohn’s disease (CD), which is a debilitating disease with relevant morbidity and mortality. It is increasing in childhood and adolescents, due to western life-style and nutrition and a large set of predisposing genetic factors. Crohn’s disease-associated genetic mutations play an essential role in killing pathogens, altering mucosal barrier function, and protecting the host microbiome, suggesting an important pathogenic link. The intestinal microbiome is highly variable and can be influenced by environmental factors. Changes in microbial composition and a reduction in species diversity have been shown to be central features of disease progression and are therefore the target of therapeutic approaches. In this review, we summarize the current literature on the role of the gut microbiome in childhood, adolescent, and adult CD, current therapeutic options, and their impact on the microbiome.

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Association between Passive Smoking from the Mother and Pediatric Crohn’s Disease: A Japanese Multicenter Study

Cited by 8 publications

References 30 publications

The “Gum–Gut” Axis in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Hypothesis-Driven Review of Associations and Advances

The “Gum–Gut” Axis in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Hypothesis-Driven Review of Associations and Advances

The Association Between Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Exposure to Tobacco Smoking: A Case-Control Study in Qatar

The microbiome landscape in pediatric Crohn’s disease and therapeutic implications

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