Association Between Plant and Animal Protein Intake and Overall and Cause-Specific Mortality

Huang, Jiaqi; Liao, Linda M.; Weinstein, Stephanie J.; Sinha, Rashmi; Graubard, Barry I.; Albanês, Demetrius

doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.2790

Cited by 182 publications

(155 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…ARDS is a well-known risk factor for VAP [ 7 , 8 ], and its incidence in mechanically ventilated patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia was reported to be as high as 42–89% [ 1 , 9 ]. In addition, immunosuppressive agents are commonly used in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection [ 1 ], and SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for altered immune response [ 10 – 12 ]. However, based on the scarce available data, the incidence of hospital-acquired infections (HAI) appears to be low (13.5%) [ 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and the incidence of ventilator-associated lower respiratory tract infections: a European multicenter cohort study

et al. 2021

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Purpose: Although patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection have several risk factors for ventilator-associated lower respiratory tract infections (VA-LRTI), the reported incidence of hospital-acquired infections is low. We aimed to determine the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, as compared to influenza pneumonia or no viral infection, and the incidence of VA-LRTI.Methods: Multicenter retrospective European cohort performed in 36 ICUs. All adult patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation > 48 h were eligible if they had: SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, influenza pneumonia, or no viral infection at ICU admission. VA-LRTI, including ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis (VAT) and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), were diagnosed using clinical, radiological and quantitative microbiological criteria. All VA-LRTI were prospectively identified, and chest-X rays were analyzed by at least two physicians. Cumulative incidence of first episodes of VA-LRTI was estimated using the Kalbfleisch and Prentice method, and compared using Fine-and Gray models.Results: 1576 patients were included (568 in SARS-CoV-2, 482 in influenza, and 526 in no viral infection groups). VA-LRTI incidence was significantly higher in SARS-CoV-2 patients (287, 50.5%), as compared to influenza patients (146, 30.3%, adjusted sub hazard ratio (sHR) 1.60 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.26 to 2.04)) or patients with no viral infection (133, 25.3%, adjusted sHR 1.7 (95% CI 1.2 to 2.39)). Gram-negative bacilli were responsible for a large proportion (82% to 89.7%) of VA-LRTI, mainly Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter spp., and Klebsiella spp.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and the incidence of ventilator-associated lower respiratory tract infections: a European multicenter cohort study

et al. 2021

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“…den Begriff des Zytokinsturms bei COVID-19 in Frage, da die selbst bei schweren COVID-19-Fällen beschriebenen IL-6-Spiegel zwar deutlich erhöht sind, jedoch weit unter jenen liegen, die sonst bei Non-COVID-19-ARDS oder anderen mit einem Zytokinsturm einhergehenden Entitäten beschrieben werden. Die bei COVID-19 vorliegende systemische Inflammation dürfte sich somit von derjenigen bei anderen Krankheitsbildern wie Sepsis, ARDS oder dem durch CAR-T-Zellen induzierten „cytokine release syndrome“ unterscheiden, was wichtige therapeutische Implikationen mit sich bringt [ 28 , 34 , 40 ].…”

Section: Schwere Verläufe Durch Hyperinflammationunclassified

COVID-19 und Nierentransplantation

Regele

Oberbauer

2021

Nephrologe

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ZusammenfassungNierentransplantierte Patienten stellen während der COVID-19(„coronavirus disease 2019“)-Pandemie eine spezielle Risikogruppe dar. Dies liegt sowohl an den häufig bestehenden Komorbiditäten als auch an der therapeutischen Immunsuppression. Letzterer kommt auch angesichts der stark zu Morbidität und Mortalität beitragenden Hyperinflammation eine komplexe Rolle zu. Bislang publizierte Fallserien zeigen eine hohe Hospitalisierungsrate und eine Mortalität zwischen 13 und 23 % in dieser Population. Die klinische Symptomatik sowie bislang etablierte Risikofaktoren scheinen jenen der Allgemeinbevölkerung zu ähneln. Eine heikle Frage in der Behandlung von an COVID-19 erkrankten Nierentransplantierten ist der Umgang mit der Immunsuppression, welche gemäß aktuellen Empfehlungen stufenweise und in Abhängigkeit vom klinischen Verlauf reduziert werden sollte. Auf der Suche nach wirksamen Therapien gegen SARS-CoV‑2 („severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2“) wurden zahlreiche in anderen Indikationen etablierte antivirale und antiinflammatorische Substanzen untersucht, wobei bislang nur für die Therapie mit Dexamethason bei Patienten mit Sauerstoffbedarf eine überzeugende Evidenz zu bestehen scheint. Zahllose Studien zu teils auch neuentwickelten Therapien laufen derzeit.

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“…Sources of animal- vs. plant-based proteins and high quality low or high fat, low or high carbohydrate consumption, and quality of overall diet need to be specified more precisely in study designs. Large cohort studies have shown that long-term consumption of plant-based (as compared to animal-based) protein is associated with lower all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality ( 68 , 69 ). The associations of low-carbohydrate diets (LCDs) and low-fat diets (LFDs) with mortality may depend on the quality and food sources of macronutrients rather than the carbohydrate or fat proportionate content alone ( 70 ).…”

Section: Lifestyle Medicine Domain-specific Findings and Recommendatimentioning

confidence: 99%

Prioritized Research for the Prevention, Treatment, and Reversal of Chronic Disease: Recommendations From the Lifestyle Medicine Research Summit

Vodovotz

Barnard

et al. 2020

Front. Med.

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Declining life expectancy and increasing all-cause mortality in the United States have been associated with unhealthy behaviors, socioecological factors, and preventable disease. A growing body of basic science, clinical research, and population health evidence points to the benefits of healthy behaviors, environments and policies to maintain health and prevent, treat, and reverse the root causes of common chronic diseases. Similarly, innovations in research methodologies, standards of evidence, emergence of unique study cohorts, and breakthroughs in data analytics and modeling create new possibilities for producing biomedical knowledge and clinical translation. To understand these advances and inform future directions research, The Lifestyle Medicine Research Summit was convened at the University of Pittsburgh on December 4–5, 2019. The Summit's goal was to review current status and define research priorities in the six core areas of lifestyle medicine: plant-predominant nutrition, physical activity, sleep, stress, addictive behaviors, and positive psychology/social connection. Forty invited subject matter experts (1) reviewed existing knowledge and gaps relating lifestyle behaviors to common chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, many cancers, inflammatory- and immune-related disorders and other conditions; and (2) discussed the potential for applying cutting-edge molecular, cellular, epigenetic and emerging science knowledge and computational methodologies, research designs, and study cohorts to accelerate clinical applications across all six domains of lifestyle medicine. Notably, federal health agencies, such as the Department of Defense and Veterans Administration have begun to adopt “whole-person health and performance” models that address these lifestyle and environmental root causes of chronic disease and associated morbidity, mortality, and cost. Recommendations strongly support leveraging emerging research methodologies, systems biology, and computational modeling in order to accelerate effective clinical and population solutions to improve health and reduce societal costs. New and alternative hierarchies of evidence are also be needed in order to assess the quality of evidence and develop evidence-based guidelines on lifestyle medicine. Children and underserved populations were identified as prioritized groups to study. The COVID-19 pandemic, which disproportionately impacts people with chronic diseases that are amenable to effective lifestyle medicine interventions, makes the Summit's findings and recommendations for future research particularly timely and relevant.

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Association Between Plant and Animal Protein Intake and Overall and Cause-Specific Mortality

Cited by 182 publications

References 47 publications

Relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and the incidence of ventilator-associated lower respiratory tract infections: a European multicenter cohort study

Relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and the incidence of ventilator-associated lower respiratory tract infections: a European multicenter cohort study

COVID-19 und Nierentransplantation

Prioritized Research for the Prevention, Treatment, and Reversal of Chronic Disease: Recommendations From the Lifestyle Medicine Research Summit

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