Association between plasma homocysteine levels and pancreatic islet beta-cell function in the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study from China

Yuan, Xiaohui; Ding, Shan; Zhou, Ligang; Su, Wen; Du, Anqing; Diao, Jianjun

doi:10.21037/apm-21-1671

“…In vitro, homocysteine has been shown to inhibit glucose-induced insulin secretion by β-cells in a dose-dependent manner at moderate (5.6 mM, p < 0.001) and stimulatory (16.7 mM, p < 0.001) glucose concentrations [ 138 , 139 ]. Serum homocysteine was inversely associated with several parameters of pancreatic islet β-cell function, in T2DM patients but a similar effect in GDM has not yet been characterised [ 140 ]. Further research is needed to clarify the relationship between elevated homocysteine and β-cell function in GDM pathogenesis.…”

Section: Association Between One-carbon Metabolism Players and Gdmmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Folate, Perturbed One-Carbon Metabolism and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Williamson

¹

,

Arthurs

²

,

Smith

³

et al. 2022

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Folate is a dietary micronutrient essential to one-carbon metabolism. The World Health Organisation recommends folic acid (FA) supplementation pre-conception and in early pregnancy to reduce the risk of fetal neural tube defects (NTDs). Subsequently, many countries (~92) have mandatory FA fortification policies, as well as recommendations for periconceptional FA supplementation. Mandatory fortification initiatives have been largely successful in reducing the incidence of NTDs. However, humans have limited capacity to incorporate FA into the one-carbon metabolic pathway, resulting in the increasingly ubiquitous presence of circulating unmetabolised folic acid (uFA). Excess FA intake has emerged as a risk factor in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Several other one-carbon metabolism components (vitamin B12, homocysteine and choline-derived betaine) are also closely entwined with GDM risk, suggesting a role for one-carbon metabolism in GDM pathogenesis. There is growing evidence from in vitro and animal studies suggesting a role for excess FA in dysregulation of one-carbon metabolism. Specifically, high levels of FA reduce methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) activity, dysregulate the balance of thymidylate synthase (TS) and methionine synthase (MTR) activity, and elevate homocysteine. High homocysteine is associated with increased oxidative stress and trophoblast apoptosis and reduced human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) secretion and pancreatic β-cell function. While the relationship between high FA, perturbed one-carbon metabolism and GDM pathogenesis is not yet fully understood, here we summarise the current state of knowledge. Given rising rates of GDM, now estimated to be 14% globally, and widespread FA food fortification, further research is urgently needed to elucidate the mechanisms which underpin GDM pathogenesis.

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“…of Dl-methionine in drinking water or in diet caused HHcy as recorded by [36,37,38]. Disturbance glycemic indices could indicate susceptibility to diabetes duo to HHcy which was going in line with [39,40]. HHcy could be induced in diabetic patient with elevation in glucose , lipid profile with decrease in HDL-c and insulin [41].Several observational studies have discovered HHcy as a risk factor for T2DM and related complications [42,43,44].As for the underlying mechanisms, it can be speculated that HHcy might cause oxidative stress, and the increased reactive oxygen species act as functional signaling molecules to activate various stress-sensitive signaling pathways, eventually lead to insulin resistance causing hyperglycemia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Effects of Betaine and Kaempferol On some criteria related to glucose homeostasis in Methionine Over Load Rats -part 2

Ali

2023

wjps

0

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This study was designed to evaluate the role of Kaempferol(KPF) and Betaine (BET) in attenuating deleterious effects of methionine overload on some parameters related to diabetes in rats. Thirty (30) adult rats were randomly selected and divided equally into five experimental groups and treated for 45 days as the follows: G1:Rats in this group served as control, Rats in all other groups (G2,G3,G4 and G5 were received 100mg/kg B.W of D-L methionine in drinking water, and received orally as follows: Rats in group G3 were given 150 mg/kg b.w. of KPF, rats in group G4were given 250 mg/kg b.w. BET, rats in group G5 were given 150 mg/kg b.w. of KPF , 250 mg/kg b.w. BET. Fasting blood sample were collected by cardiac puncture technique at the end of the experiments and serum were collected for estimation glycemic indices,. C-peptide and B12 concentration. The results of the experiment that showed given D-L methionine for 45 days(G2group) caused disturbance in glycemic indices as detected by elevation in serum glucose and decrease in serum insulin hormone concentration) and decrease in serum C-peptide and B12 concentration. While oral intubation of KPF and BET or their combination caused correction of all recorded parameters.

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“…Studies indicated that the repair of islet function plays a regulatory role in HCY metabolism and improves oxidative stress in patients, thereby improving the long-term prognosis of patients [ 19 ]. It showed that after two weeks of treatment, HCY level was significantly lower in the experimental group, indicating that islet function was gradually repairing in patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Short-Term Insulin Pump for Treatment of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Complicated with Lower Extremity Arterial Disease in Endocrinology by Ultrasonography

Guo

¹

,

Li

²

,

Chen

³

2022

Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine

0

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This research aimed to explore the curative effect of short-term insulin pump in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD) based on ultrasonography. 422 patients (220 males and 202 females) with T2DM in the hospital were selected, and they were randomly divided into control group ( n = 211 , oral hypoglycemic drugs or diet control, appropriate exercise to lower blood glucose) and experimental group ( n = 211 , insulin pump was used to reduce blood glucose). After 2 weeks, the therapeutic effect was evaluated by ultrasonography. The results showed that after two weeks of treatment, the difference in lumen intima between the two groups was statistically significant ( P < 0.05 ). The intima-media thickness (IMT) values of the experimental group were 0.83 ± 0.03 mm , 0.62 ± 0.03 mm , and 0.41 ± 0.04 mm , respectively, which were significantly different from those of the control group ( 1.62 ± 0.54 mm , 1.23 ± 0.14 mm , and 0.78 ± 0.11 mm ) ( P < 0.05 ). There was obvious difference in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level between the experimental group ( 2.22 ± 0.46 mmol / L ) and the control group ( 3.21 ± 0.62 mmol / L ) ( P < 0.05 ). The LEAD score of the experimental group was 5.51 ± 1.11 , which was significantly different from that of the control group ( 7.08 ± 2.73 ) ( P < 0.05 ). There was clear difference in LEAD score between the two groups under different course of disease (CD) ( P < 0.05 ). Studies indicated that short-term application of insulin pump therapy could effectively improve the pathological changes of lower limbs in patients with T2DM, which had clinical application value.

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Association between plasma homocysteine levels and pancreatic islet beta-cell function in the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study from China

Cited by 8 publications

References 33 publications

High Folate, Perturbed One-Carbon Metabolism and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

High Folate, Perturbed One-Carbon Metabolism and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Effects of Betaine and Kaempferol On some criteria related to glucose homeostasis in Methionine Over Load Rats -part 2

Evaluation of Short-Term Insulin Pump for Treatment of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Complicated with Lower Extremity Arterial Disease in Endocrinology by Ultrasonography

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