Association between prenatal antibiotics exposure and measures of fetal growth: A repeated-measure study

Maternal–Fetal Exposure to Antibiotics: Levels, Mother-to-Child Transmission, and Potential Health Risks

“…The colonization of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing bacteria during pregnancy affected intestinal colonization in fetuses, increasing the prevalence of drug-resistant strains. 94 consistent with those found for Danish national birth cohort data and prospective studies on women and their offspring in the southeastern US. 141,142 The controversial findings may be related to the dual effects of antibiotics on growth, as an animal study showed that low concentrations of penicillin promoted weight gain while high concentrations caused weight loss.…”

“…101 Similarly, Zhou et al found that fetal growth indicators at birth and growth rate during 2−6 months of birth were related to intrauterine antibiotic exposure. When intrauterine penicillin exposure increased by 100 μg/kg, length-for-age increased by 0.18 (95% CI: 0.02− 94 consistent with those found for Danish national birth cohort data and prospective studies on women and their offspring in the southeastern US. 141,142 The controversial findings may be related to the dual effects of antibiotics on growth, as an animal study showed that low concentrations of penicillin promoted weight gain while high concentrations caused weight loss.…”

“…However, there are also inconsistent observations in other studies. Lin et al examined the effects of antibiotics on fetal growth and development, and found that exposure to norfloxacin in the second trimester of pregnancy (β = −0.05, 95% CI: −0.08 to −0.02) and exposure to sulfamethoxazole in the third trimester of pregnancy (β = −0.15, 95% CI: −0.29 to −0.02) were negatively correlated with fetal birth length, consistent with those found for Danish national birth cohort data and prospective studies on women and their offspring in the southeastern US. , The controversial findings may be related to the dual effects of antibiotics on growth, as an animal study showed that low concentrations of penicillin promoted weight gain while high concentrations caused weight loss . In addition, different methods of assessing antibiotic exposure can also lead to differences in research results.…”

“…Exposure levels of pregnant women to antibiotics are shown in Figure (b) and (c). A prospective birth cohort conducted in 2022 measured concentrations of 7 categories of antibiotics in urine samples of pregnant women in Shanghai, China, and reported that all selected antibiotics could be detected in urine, with a total detection frequency of 92.3%, which is roughly equivalent to that found for Anhui Province, China (93.6%) and lower than that found for Jiangsu Province, China (98.01%). − The differences between study sites may be related to the main antibiotics used by humans and animals, environmental antibiotic pollution, different dietary patterns, and sampling times . In Shanghai, sulfonamides and quinolones were the main antibiotics in pregnant women’s urine with detection frequency >70% .…”

Identification and management of a yellow -grains actinomycetoma caused by Micromonospora olivasterospora in Sudan. The First Report

“…Therefore accurate determination of the susceptibility to TMP-SMX in clinical isolates is crucial. However, sulfonamide-resistant or linezolid-resistant strains have been isolated in clinical in recent years, which brings great challenges to the clinical treatment of actinomycetes in general [37,38].In addition, sulfonamides are of great toxicity and side effects [39][40][41][42] .Because of the limited number of studies reporting antibiotic susceptibility pro les of actinomycetoma causative agents [43], with respect to the total of Over 700 species of Streptomyces bacteria have been described, more than 40 known species of Actinomyces species names validly published and the genus Nocardia contains 80-100 species, in addition to Micromonospora species ; antibiotic therapy against such infections is at best questionable. There is a consistent agreement that clinical actinomycetoma isolates are susceptible to amikacin, gentamycin, vancomycin, and linezolid.…”