Association between prior antibiotic therapy and subsequent risk of community-acquired infections: a systematic review

Malik, Umer Feroze; Armstrong, David; Ashworth, Mark; Dregan, Alexandru; L’Esperance, Veline; McDonnell, Lucy; Molokhia, Mariam; White, Patrick

doi:10.1093/jac/dkx374

Cited by 30 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Given the aforementioned evidence of the role of the microbiota in systemic priming of immune responses and the extensive amount of disruption of the microbiota observed in our cohort, it is vital to investigate new treatment strategies that preserve these microorganisms during infection. For example, overuse of antibiotics and their associated transient alteration of the microbiota have implications for outcome, which was supported by a recent systematic review that found a statistically significant association between antibiotic exposure and subsequent risk of community-acquired infections [ 42 ]. In addition, our study highlights a new opportunity for the development of next-generation pre- or probiotics to enhance the abundance of obligate anaerobic bacteria as a potential adjuvant therapy during or following the treatment of TF and other infectious diseases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Altered Patterns of Compositional and Functional Disruption of the Gut Microbiota in Typhoid Fever and Nontyphoidal Febrile Illness

Haak

Jong

Kostidis

et al. 2020

Open Forum Infectious Diseases

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Background Experimental murine models and human challenge studies of Salmonella Typhi infection have suggested that the gut microbiome plays an important protective role against the development of typhoid fever. Anaerobic bacterial communities have been hypothesized to mediate colonization resistance against Salmonella species by producing short-chain fatty acids, yet the composition and function of the intestinal microbiota in human patients with typhoid fever remain ill defined. Methods We prospectively collected fecal samples from 60 febrile patients admitted to Chittagong Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh, with typhoid fever or nontyphoidal febrile illness and from 36 healthy age-matched controls. The collected fecal samples were subjected to 16s rRNA sequencing followed by targeted metabolomics analysis. Results Patients with typhoid fever displayed compositional and functional disruption of the gut microbiota compared with patients with nontyphoidal febrile illness and healthy controls. Specifically, typhoid fever patients had lower microbiota richness and alpha diversity and a higher prevalence of potentially pathogenic bacterial taxa. In addition, a lower abundance of short-chain fatty acid–producing taxa was seen in typhoid fever patients. The differences between typhoid fever and nontyphoidal febrile illness could not be explained by a loss of colonization resistance after antibiotic treatment, as antibiotic exposure in both groups was similar. Conclusions his first report on the composition and function of the gut microbiota in patients with typhoid fever suggests that the restoration of these intestinal commensal microorganisms could be targeted using adjunctive, preventive, or therapeutic strategies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Altered Patterns of Compositional and Functional Disruption of the Gut Microbiota in Typhoid Fever and Nontyphoidal Febrile Illness

Haak

Jong

Kostidis

et al. 2020

Open Forum Infectious Diseases

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“…The antibiotic-mediated depletion of commensal bacteria decreases intestinal RegIII-γ expression, which normally acts to resist colonization by VRE 14 . Furthermore, these disruptions in the microbiota may predispose a patient to recurrent infection and sepsis 15 , 16 . Not surprisingly, microbiota-targeted therapies are being developed to prevent or treat sepsis 17 , 18 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of antimicrobial therapy on the gut microbiome

Bhalodi

Engelen

Virk

et al. 2019

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

167

118

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The gut microbiome is now considered an organ unto itself and plays an important role in health maintenance and recovery from critical illness. The commensal organisms responsible for the framework of the gut microbiome are valuable in protection against disease and various physiological tasks. Critical illness and the associated interventions have a detrimental impact on the microbiome. While antimicrobials are one of the fundamental and often life-saving modalities in septic patients, they can also pave the way for subsequent harm because of the resulting damage to the gut microbiome. Contributing to many of the non-specific signs and symptoms of sepsis, the balance between the overuse of antimicrobials and the clinical need in these situations is often difficult to delineate. Given the potency of antimicrobials utilized to treat septic patients, the effects on the gut microbiome are often rapid and long-lasting, in which case full recovery may never be observed. The overgrowth of opportunistic pathogens is of significant concern as they can lead to infections that become increasingly difficult to treat. Continued research to understand the disturbances within the gut microbiome of critically ill patients and their outcomes is essential to help develop future therapies to circumvent damage to, or restore, the microbiome. In this review, we discuss the impact of the antimicrobials often used for the treatment of sepsis on the gut microbiota.

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“…International travelers are at increased risk of acquiring QNS enteric bacterial infections and importing them into the United States, which can lead to onward transmission and domestic outbreaks of infections that are difficult to treat [4, 16]. Empiric antimicrobial treatment of travelers’ diarrhea is rarely required, is more common when travelers carry antibiotics with them [21], and may exacerbate the problem of acquisition and importation of antibiotic-resistant infections [3, 22, 23]. Fluroquinolones can also precipitate serious adverse events, such as rupture of the Achilles tendon, fatal dysrhythmias, and C .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quinolone nonsusceptibility among enteric pathogens isolated from international travelers – Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) and National Antimicrobial Monitoring System (NARMS), 10 United States sites, 2004 – 2014

et al. 2019

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Gastrointestinal illnesses are the most frequently diagnosed conditions among returning U.S. travelers. Although most episodes of travelers’ diarrhea do not require antibiotic therapy, fluoroquinolones (a type of quinolone antibiotic) are recommended for treatment of moderate and severe travelers’ diarrhea as well as many other types of severe infection. To assess associations between quinolone susceptibility and international travel, we linked data about isolate susceptibility in NARMS to cases of enteric infections reported to FoodNet. We categorized isolates as quinolone-nonsusceptible (QNS) if they were resistant or had intermediate susceptibility to ≥1 quinolone. Among 1,726 travel-associated infections reported to FoodNet with antimicrobial susceptibility data in NARMS during 2004–2014, 56% of isolates were quinolone-nonsusceptible, of which most (904/960) were Campylobacter. International travel was associated with >10-fold increased odds of infection with quinolone-nonsusceptible bacteria. Most QNS infections were associated with travel to Latin America and the Caribbean (390/743; 52%); however, the greatest risk of QNS infection was associated with travel to Africa (120 per 1,000,000 passenger journeys). Preventing acquisition and onward transmission of antimicrobial-resistant enteric infections among travelers is critical.

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Association between prior antibiotic therapy and subsequent risk of community-acquired infections: a systematic review

Cited by 30 publications

References 32 publications

Altered Patterns of Compositional and Functional Disruption of the Gut Microbiota in Typhoid Fever and Nontyphoidal Febrile Illness

Altered Patterns of Compositional and Functional Disruption of the Gut Microbiota in Typhoid Fever and Nontyphoidal Febrile Illness

Impact of antimicrobial therapy on the gut microbiome

Quinolone nonsusceptibility among enteric pathogens isolated from international travelers – Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) and National Antimicrobial Monitoring System (NARMS), 10 United States sites, 2004 – 2014

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