Association between Prostate Cancer and Urinary Calculi: A Population-Based Study

Abstract

BackgroundUnderstanding the reasons underlying the emerging trend and the changing demographics of Asian prostate cancer (PC) has become an important field of study. This study set out to explore the possibility that urinary calculi (UC) and PC may share an association by conducting a case-control study on a population-based database in Taiwan.MethodsThe cases of this study included 2,900 subjects ≥ 40 years-old who had received their first-time diagnosis of PC and 14,500 randomly selected controls without PC. Conditional logistic regressions were employed to explore the association between PC and having been previously diagnosed with UC.ResultsWe found that prior UC was found among 608 (21.0%) cases and 2,037 (14.1%) controls (p<0.001). Conditional logistic regression analysis revealed that compared to controls, the odds ratio (OR) of prior UC for cases was 1.63 (95% CI = 1.47–1.80). Furthermore, we found that cases were more likely to have been previously diagnosed with kidney calculus (OR = 1.71; 95% CI = 1.42–2.05), bladder calculus (OR = 2.06; 95% CI = 1.32–3.23), unspecified calculus (OR = 1.66; 95% CI = 1.37–2.00), and ≥2 locations of UC (OR = 1.73; 1.47–2.02) than controls. However, there was no significant relationship between PC and prior ureter calculus. We also found that of the patients with UC, there was no significant difference between PC and treatment method.ConclusionsThis investigation detected an association between PC and prior UC. These results highlight a potential target population for PC screening.

Urinary Calculi and Risk of Cancer

“…To date, to the best of our knowledge, no large-scale study was performed to analyze the impact of urinary calculi on overall cancer risk. In addition to an increase risk of urinary tract cancers similar to previous studies, 8 , 9 , 24 our study also found that patients with urinary calculi significantly had a higher risk of cancers of thyroid (SIR 2.50), hematologic origin (SIR 2.41), breast (SIR 1.84), lung (SIR 1.82), digestive tract (SIR 1.69), and head and neck (SIR 1.54). A possible explanation for the association between urinary calculi and cancers is that the relatively high levels of chemicals or carcinogens induced by urinary calculi formation facilitate the tumor microenvironment interaction as shown in the animal studies.…”

“…Several studies regarding the association between urinary calculi and urinary tract cancers have been conducted, and the results showed that the increased risks of cancers ranged from 1.4 to 3.42 times as compared with the general population or matched controls. 8 , 9 , 24 In 1997, Chow et al 8 assessed the association of urinary tract cancers with kidney or ureteral stones in a population-based cohort study, in which only hospitalized patients were included. SIRs for kidney and bladder cancers were 2.5 and 1.4, respectively, and were lower than those in our study (SIR 4.2 and 3.3, respectively).…”

“…The increased risks of urinary tract cancers associated with urinary calculi have been reported in previous population-based studies. 8 , 9 However, the association of urinary calculi with systemic cancers in humans is a largely undefined body of knowledge.…”

Initial Diagnosis and Detection of Very Late Local Recurrence of a Ductal Prostate Cancer due to a Ureteral Stone

“…Chung et al performed a retrospective population-based case-control study to assess the association of prostate cancer and urinary calculi. While they were able to show that the incidence of prior urinary calculi was higher in patients with newly diagnosed prostate cancer compared with the control group (21% vs. 14.1%), no significant relationship was seen in regard to ureter calculi [4].…”

Der kausale Zusammenhang von Prostata-Hyperplasie, chronischer Prostatitis und Prostatakrebs

“…Darüber hinaus zeigen Studien, dass Menschen mit Nierensteinen ein stark erhöhtes Risiko für urogenitale Krebserkrankungen haben [7]. Die häufigsten Nierensteine sind Oxalat-und Harnsäuresteine, die nur im chronisch sauren Urin bei einem pH-Wert von ca.…”