Association between Race, Poverty Status and Grip Strength in Middle to Old Age Adults.

Thorpe, Roland J.; Simonsick, Eleanor M.; Zonderman, Alan B.; Evans, Michele K.

doi:10.18865/ed.26.4.493

Cited by 34 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…African Caribbeans were stronger than Europeans (in terms of grip Fig. 1 (a-c strength), which is in line with some, but not all, previous findings [5,37]. Adjustment for type 2 diabetes (or HbA 1c ) and FFM only marginally attenuated differences in strength.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Type 2 diabetes does not account for ethnic differences in exercise capacity or skeletal muscle function in older adults

et al. 2019

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Aims/hypothesis The aim of this study was to compare exercise capacity, strength and skeletal muscle perfusion during exercise, and oxidative capacity between South Asians, African Caribbeans and Europeans, and determine what effect ethnic differences in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes has on these functional outcomes. Methods In total, 708 participants (aged [mean±SD] 73 ± 7 years, 56% male) were recruited from the Southall and Brent Revisited (SABRE) study, a UK population-based cohort comprised of Europeans (n = 311) and South Asian (n = 232) and African Caribbean (n = 165) migrants. Measurements of exercise capacity using a 6 min stepper test (6MST), including measurement of oxygen consumption (V O 2) and grip strength, were performed. Skeletal muscle was assessed using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS); measures included changes in tissue saturation index (ΔTSI%) with exercise and oxidative capacity (muscle oxygen consumption recovery, represented by a time constant [τ]). Analysis was by multiple linear regression. Results When adjusted for age and sex, in South Asians and African Caribbeans, exercise capacity was reduced compared with Europeans (V O 2 [ml min −1 kg −1 ]: β = −1.2 [95% CI-1.9, −0.4], p = 0.002, and β −1.7 [95% CI-2.5, −0.8], p < 0.001, respectively). South Asians had lower and African Caribbeans had higher strength compared with Europeans (strength [kPa]: β = −9 [95% CI-12, −6), p < 0.001, and β = 6 [95% CI 3, 9], p < 0.001, respectively). South Asians had greater decreases in TSI% and longer τ compared with Europeans (ΔTSI% [%]: β = −0.9 [95% CI-1.7, −0.1), p = 0.024; τ [s]: β = 11 [95% CI 3, 18], p = 0.006). Ethnic differences in V O 2 and grip strength remained despite adjustment for type 2 diabetes or HbA 1c (and fat-free mass for grip strength). However, the differences between Europeans and South Asians were no longer statistically significant after adjustment for other possible mediators or confounders (including physical activity, waist-to-hip ratio, cardiovascular disease or hypertension, smoking, haemoglobin levels or β-blocker use). The difference in ΔTSI% between Europeans and South Asians was marginally attenuated after adjustment for type 2 diabetes or HbA 1c and was also no longer statistically significant after adjusting for other confounders; however, τ remained significantly longer in South Asians vs Europeans despite adjustment for all confounders. Conclusions/interpretation Reduced exercise capacity in South Asians and African Caribbeans is unexplained by higher rates of type 2 diabetes. Poorer exercise tolerance in these populations, and impaired muscle function and perfusion in South Asians, may contribute to the higher morbidity burden of UK ethnic minority groups in older age. Keywords Ethnicity. Exercise capacity. Skeletal muscle. Type 2 diabetes Abbreviations ATT Adipose tissue thickness CVD Cardiovascular disease FFM Fat-free mass Hb diff Difference between the oxygenated and deoxygenated haemoglobin signal 6MST 6 min stepper test MVPA Moderate-to-vigorous physic...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Type 2 diabetes does not account for ethnic differences in exercise capacity or skeletal muscle function in older adults

et al. 2019

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“…HS also differs among African Americans and Whites. HS of African American women is greater than that of White women, regardless of income status ( 26 ). However, this finding was inconsistent for men ( 26 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HS of African American women is greater than that of White women, regardless of income status ( 26 ). However, this finding was inconsistent for men ( 26 ). The usefulness of HS for nutritional screening in a community setting with racially diverse populations of similar ages has not been extensively studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Protein Intake and Overall Diet Quality are Associated with Handgrip Strength in African American and White Adults

Kuczmarski

Pohlig

Shupe

et al. 2018

The Journal of nutrition, health and aging

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ObjectiveTo determine the association of handgrip strength (HS) with protein intake, diet quality, and nutritional and cardiovascular biomarkers in African American and White adults.DesignCross-sectional wave 3 (2009–2013) of the cohort Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (HANDLS) study.ParticipantsSocioeconomically diverse urban population of 2,468 persons aged 33 to 71 years.MeasurementsSocio-demographic correlates, dietary intakes and biomarkers, HS, physical performance measures were collected. HS was measured using a dynamometer with the dominant hand. Functional measures included chair, tandem, and single leg stands. Two 24-hour recalls were collected using the US Department of Agriculture Automated Multiple Pass Method. The total protein intake and diet quality, evaluated by adherence to the DASH eating plan and Healthy Eating Index-2010, were calculated. Biomarkers included nutritional anemia, and serum levels of albumin, cholesterol, magnesium, and glucose.ResultsThe mean ±SE age of the sample was 52.3±0.2 years. Approximately 61% were African American and 57% were women. The mean ±SE HS of women was 29.1±0.2kg and for men was 45.9±0.4 kg. Protein, gm, per kg body weight for the women was 0.94±0.02 compared to 1.16 ±0.02 for men. After adjusting for socio-demographic factors, hypertension, and diabetes, HS/BMI ratio was significantly associated with protein intake per kg body weight (p<0.001) and diet quality, assessed by either the DASH adherence (p=0.009) or Health Eating Index-2010 (p=0.031) scores. For both men and women, participants in the upper tertile of HS maintained a single leg and tandem stances longer and completed 5 and 10 chair stands in shorter time compared to individuals in the lower HS tertile. Of the nutritional status indicators, the percent of men in the upper HS tertile with low serum magnesium and albumin, was significantly lower than those in the lower HS tertile [magnesium,7.4% vs 16.1%; albumin, 0.4% vs 4.5%]. The only difference observed for women was a lower percent of diabetes (14.4% for the upper HS tertile compared to 20.5% for the lower HS tertile.ConclusionsThe findings confirm the role of protein and a healthful diet in the maintenance of muscle strength. In this community sample, HS was significantly associated with other physical performance measures but did not appear to be strongly associated with indicators of nutritional risk. These findings support the use of HS as a proxy for functional status and indicate the need for research to explore its role as a predictor of nutritional risk.

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“…In addition, the prevalence of low handgrip strength was 27.7% in poor older women and 39.6% in poor older men, which were higher than the prevalence in older adults with a normal income [25]. Moreover, high-income older adults had a greater handgrip strength than low-income older adults, especially in women [26]. However, there is no sufficient evidence supporting the association between social determinants and sarcopenia.…”

Section: The Associations Between Sarcopenia and Items From Trss Modelmentioning

confidence: 88%

Development of Taiwan Risk Score for Sarcopenia (TRSS) for Sarcopenia Screening among Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Tseng

Hsiao

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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The SARC-F questionnaire has been suggested by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) as a first-step screening tool for sarcopenia. However, the sensitivity to SARC-F is low among community-dwelling older adults. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a new prediction model for sarcopenia screening in the community setting. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of data from the Taiwan Integration of Health and Welfare (TIHW) study. Covariates including comorbidities, socioeconomic status, social support, health behaviors, body composition, and serum biomarkers were collected for analysis. Sarcopenia was defined using handgrip strength and gait speed cut-off values suggested by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. Risk scores for sarcopenia were estimated by stepwise logistic regression. Among 1025 participants (mean age, 71.95 ± 6.89 years), 179 (17.5%) had sarcopenia. Seven items, including age, female sex, receiving social assistance pension, absence of exercise, being underweight, abnormal fasting glucose levels, and abnormal creatinine levels were selected for the Taiwan Risk Scores for Sarcopenia (TRSS) with a cutoff value of 76 (sensitivity, 71.8%; specificity, 71.1%) and area under the curve (AUC) of 0.757. Our results suggested that the TRSS model could be applied cost-effectively in the community for early detection of sarcopenia.

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Association between Race, Poverty Status and Grip Strength in Middle to Old Age Adults.

Cited by 34 publications

References 27 publications

Type 2 diabetes does not account for ethnic differences in exercise capacity or skeletal muscle function in older adults

Type 2 diabetes does not account for ethnic differences in exercise capacity or skeletal muscle function in older adults

Dietary Protein Intake and Overall Diet Quality are Associated with Handgrip Strength in African American and White Adults

Development of Taiwan Risk Score for Sarcopenia (TRSS) for Sarcopenia Screening among Community-Dwelling Older Adults

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