Association Between Rotavirus Vaccination and Risk of Intussusception Among Neonates and Infants

Lu, Hui; Ding, Ying; Goyal, Hemant; Xu, Hua‐Guo

doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.12458

Cited by 31 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Examination of intestinal biopsies from rotavirus-infected children, however, show poor correlation between histological abnormalities and diarrhoea (K€ ohler et al 1990;Ramig 2004;. Interestingly, rotavirus-induced anatomical changes were linked to the slightly increased intussusception (a serious condition where an intestinal segment folds into an adjacent part of the intestine) observed primarily in application of the firstgeneration vaccine, but more substantial evidence has demonstrated that neither natural rotavirus infection nor vaccination are significantly associated with intussusception (Robinson et al 2004;Lu et al 2019;. In general, rotavirus-induced gastrointestinal disease manifests as acute gastroenteritis is associated with watery diarrhoea, low-grade fever, vomiting, low inflammation, and intestinal wall damage (Hagbom et al 2020).…”

Section: Acute Gastroenteritismentioning

confidence: 99%

Rotavirus-related systemic diseases: clinical manifestation, evidence and pathogenesis

Dian

Sun

Zhang

et al. 2021

Critical Reviews in Microbiology

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Rotaviruses, double-stranded, non-enveloped RNA viruses, are a global health concern, associated with acute gastroenteritis and secretory-driven watery diarrhoea, especially in infants and young children. Conventionally, rotavirus is primarily viewed as a pathogen for intestinal enterocytes. This notion is challenged, however, by data from patients and animal models documenting extra-intestinal clinical manifestations and viral replication following rotavirus infection. In addition to acute gastroenteritis, rotavirus infection has been linked to various neurological disorders, hepatitis and cholestasis, type 1 diabetes, respiratory illness, myocarditis, renal failure and thrombocytopenia. Concomitantly, molecular studies have provided insight into potential mechanisms by which rotavirus can enter and replicate in non-enterocyte cell types and evade host immune responses. Nevertheless, it is fair to say that the extra-intestinal aspect of the rotavirus infectious process is largely being overlooked by biomedical professionals, and there are gaps in the understanding of mechanisms of pathogenesis. Thus with the aim of increasing public and professional awareness we here provide a description of our current understanding of rotavirusrelated extra-intestinal clinical manifestations and associated molecular pathogenesis. Further understanding of the processes involved should prove exceedingly useful for future diagnosis, treatment and prevention of rotavirus-associated disease.

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Section: Acute Gastroenteritismentioning

confidence: 99%

Rotavirus-related systemic diseases: clinical manifestation, evidence and pathogenesis

Dian

Sun

Zhang

et al. 2021

Critical Reviews in Microbiology

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“…The second tragedy occurred in 1955 when a non-fully inactivated poliovirus vaccine was given to more than 100,000 children, causing several cases of paralysis. Aside from these 2 tragedies, it has been noted that 1 in 2.5 million oral polio vaccinees may develop paralysis, and the original rotavirus vaccine was associated with intussusception in 1 in 100,00 vaccinees [ 9 ]. As a result, all of the serious adverse reactions are now well documented as potential side effects for a number of different vaccines.…”

Section: Adverse Reactions To Vaccinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adherence to Immunization: Rebuttal of Vaccine Hesitancy

Etzioni-Friedman

2020

Acta Haematol

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Immunizations have been saving the lives of millions of people since they were first used by Edward Jenner in 1796, and new vaccines are being developed all the time. Hopefully, a new vaccine for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) will be developed in the near future, and perhaps even one for human immunodeficiency virus. Although the effectiveness of vaccinations has been proven over the years and adverse effects to currently available vaccinations are extremely rare, many people continue to defer immunizations for themselves and their families. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), this phenomenon, known as “vaccine hesitancy,” is a major public health problem globally. This review summarizes the unproven adverse effects of various vaccines and stresses the importance of enforcing vaccination policies to minimize vaccine hesitancy. Every effort should be made to improve existing vaccines and to produce new ones, according to carefully designed scientific preclinical and clinical trials. This is particularly important in today’s era, in light of the global transparency regarding vaccination development, and the potential for future pandemics such as COVID-19.

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“… 20 Rare events, such as intussusception after the use of oral rotavirus vaccines, might not be apparent, even in trials of 30 000–60 000 people. 21 Vaccine-associated enhanced respiratory disease and antibody-dependent enhancement were reported in animals given vaccines against SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV; 22 fortunately, these effects have not been reported in small animal, non-human primate, or human studies of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. 23 However, a long-term effect, similar to the enhancement that was observed for the Sanofi dengue virus vaccine, cannot be ruled out.…”

Section: Lmic Challenges and Opportunitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Operation Warp Speed: implications for global vaccine security

Kim¹,

Hotez²,

Batista³

et al. 2021

The Lancet Global Health

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Several global efforts are underway to develop COVID-19 vaccines, and interim analyses from phase 3 clinical testing have been announced by nine organisations: Pfizer, the Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moderna, AstraZeneca, Sinopharm Group, Sinovac Biotech, Johnson & Johnson, Novavax, and CanSino Biologics. The US programme known as Operation Warp Speed provided US$18 billion in funding for development of vaccines that were intended for US populations. Depending on safety and efficacy, vaccines can become available through mechanisms for emergency use, expanded access with informed consent, or full licensure. An important question is: how will these Operation Warp Speed vaccines be used for COVID-19 prevention in global health settings? We address some key questions that arise in the transition from US to global vaccine prevention efforts and from ethical and logistical issues to those that are relevant to global vaccine security, justice, equity, and diplomacy.

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Association Between Rotavirus Vaccination and Risk of Intussusception Among Neonates and Infants

Abstract: This systematic review and meta-analysis assesses the association of rotavirus vaccination among neonates and infants with risk of intussusception for up to 2 years after vaccination overall and by type of vaccine.

Cited by 31 publications

References 44 publications

Rotavirus-related systemic diseases: clinical manifestation, evidence and pathogenesis

Rotavirus-related systemic diseases: clinical manifestation, evidence and pathogenesis

Adherence to Immunization: Rebuttal of Vaccine Hesitancy

Operation Warp Speed: implications for global vaccine security

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