Association Between Screen Overuse and Behavioral and Emotional Problems in Elementary School Children

Choi, Yeonkyu; Lee, Dong Yun; Lee, Sangha; Park, Eun Jin; Yoo, Hee Jeong; Shin, Yunmi

doi:10.5765/jkacap.210015

Cited by 8 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Regarding possible associations between PSU and children and adolescents’ health, previous studies reported negative associations with psychological well-being [ 25 – 27 ], mood [ 28 ], prosocial behaviour [ 29 ], peer relations [ 29 ], and academic performance [ 30 ] as well as positive associations with behavioural and emotional problems [ 31 ]. For excessive smartphone use, i.e., long usage times without considering symptoms of behavioural addiction, associations with poorer sleep quality [ 32 ], bad mood [ 33 ], low psychological well-being [ 34 ] and behavioural and emotional problems [ 35 ] were observed. It is important to mention that most previous studies on PSU were performed in Asian countries (especially South Korea [ 36 ]) and in older adolescents or young adults [ 15 , 17 , 28 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between problematic smartphone use and behavioural difficulties, quality of life, and school performance among children and adolescents

et al. 2022

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Background European studies on determinants and factors associated with problematic smartphone use (PSU) in children and adolescents are still sparse. This study reports the current amount of PSU symptoms and the presence of (clinically relevant) PSU in German children and adolescents. We also investigated associations between socio-demographic factors, different smartphone usage patterns, and daily smartphone usage time and the amount of PSU symptoms in this group. In addition, associations of PSU symptoms and high smartphone usage times (> 2 h/day) with behavioural problems, quality of life (QoL), and school performance were investigated. Methods Within the framework of the LIFE Child study, 564 children and adolescents aged 10–18 years provided information on PSU symptoms (using the Smartphone Addiction Proneness Scale), daily smartphone usage time, smartphone activities, behavioural strengths and difficulties (using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire), QoL (using the KIDSCREEN-27), and school performance. Multiple regression analyses were applied to assess associations. Results In the present sample, PSU was present in 13 children (2.3%). Older age, female gender, high daily smartphone usage time of > 2 h, and intensive smartphone use for social networking, gaming, or watching video clips were significantly associated with more PSU symptoms. Children and adolescents reporting more PSU symptoms also showed lower QoL, more behavioural difficulties, and poorer school performance, independently of age, gender, socio-economic status, and daily smartphone usage time. In contrast, daily smartphone usage time per se showed only weak or non-significant associations with these aspects of health and behaviour. Conclusion Intensive smartphone use for entertainment may increase the risk of developing PSU symptoms. Furthermore, the results indicate that PSU symptoms (more than long smartphone usage times per se) are associated with more behavioural difficulties and poorer QoL.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between problematic smartphone use and behavioural difficulties, quality of life, and school performance among children and adolescents

et al. 2022

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“…According to earlier studies, screen time was closely related to children’s sleep and behavioral problem. 34 However, this study showed that children’s sleep problems did not worsen in 2021; this might be due to the reopening of schools that allow them to relearn their previous regular morning routines and assisted in the prevention of the children’s sleep problems due to overnight smartphone use. This contradictory finding could be interpreted in a similar context as the results of previous studies that suggested the trajectory of recovery and adaptation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…These results are consistent with the results of previous studies showing that the low-income class was vulnerable to media overuse, sleep problems, and problematic behavior. 15 25 34 36 Family income, not only parental wellbeing, but access to an abundant resource of structured education and activity, is an important factor in establishing and maintaining a family's effective coping strategy. 37 However, how income affects other variables during COVID-19 needs to be investigated in detail through additional research.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lower-Income Predicts Increased Smartphone Use and Problematic Behaviors Among Schoolchildren During COVID-19 Related School Modification: A Longitudinal Study

et al. 2022

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Background As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has continued for a couple of years, the long-term effects of the pandemic and the subsequent school curriculum modification on the mental health of children and parents need to be investigated. To clarify the changes that can occur during one school year and to predict the risk factors for vulnerable groups, this study identified parameters relative to children’s screen time, their problematic behavior, and parental depression. Methods A total of 186 participants were analyzed who were parents of elementary schoolchildren in South Korea. These parents were required to complete a web-based questionnaire twice. The questionnaires were conducted in June 2020 and September 2021. Participants’ general demographics including family income, children’s screen time, sleep patterns, problematic behavior, and parental depression were assessed via the parental questionnaire that included various measurement tools. Results Children’s body mass index (BMI) increased significantly in 2021 (18.94 ± 3.75 vs. 18.14 ± 3.30, P < 0.001). Smartphone frequency of use per week (5.35 vs. 4.54, P < 0.001) and screen time per day (3.52 vs. 3.16, P < 0.001) significantly increased during the period of the COVID-19 pandemic. The television screen time (2.88 vs. 3.26, P < 0.001), frequency of viewing (3.77 vs. 4.77, P < 0.001), and children’s problematic behaviors significantly decreased (9.15 vs. 11.85, P < 0.001). A lower income household was a key predictor of increased smartphone frequency (B = 1.840, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.923–2.757, P < 0.001) and smartphone screen time (B = 1.992, 95% CI, 1.458–2.525, P < 0.001). The results showed that the lower income household (B = 5.624, 95% CI, 2.927–8.320, P < 0.001) and a child’s psychiatric treatment history (B = 7.579, 95% CI, 5.666–9.492, P < 0.001) was the most significant predictor of problematic behaviors of children and parental depression (B = 3.476, 95% CI, 1.628–5.325, P < 0.001; B = 3.138, 95% CI, 1.827–4.450, P < 0.001). Conclusion This study suggested that children’s smartphone screen time and BMI increased during COVID-19 because of the school curriculum modification following school closures in South Korea. The increased children’s problematic behaviors and parental depression were predicted by lower-income households and the previous psychiatric history of children. These results indicate that multiple social support systems to the vulnerable group are needed during the ongoing pandemic and that a modified school setting is required.

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“…Additionally, media addiction-related external problems are also reflected in sensation-seeking and rule-breaking behavior (Choi et al, 2021). Both internal and external behavioral problems and screen time, in general, are associated with social and academic adaptation, which consequently both affect school adaptation (Ahn et al, 2017;Choi et al, 2021;Lee and Lee, 2021;Lee and Park, 2022). Consequently, poor school adaptation can negatively impact academic and social aspects, further exacerbating the problem and creating a loop.…”

Section: Effect Of Digital Interaction Towards Wellbeingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Internal behavioral problems include psychological health where significant connections were particularly found with children's depression and social atrophy (Ahn et al, 2017;, whereas external behavioral problems include aggression and attention problems or difficulty focusing during class (Ahn et al, 2017;. Additionally, media addiction-related external problems are also reflected in sensation-seeking and rule-breaking behavior (Choi et al, 2021). Both internal and external behavioral problems and screen time, in general, are associated with social and academic adaptation, which consequently both affect school adaptation (Ahn et al, 2017;Choi et al, 2021;Lee and Lee, 2021;Lee and Park, 2022).…”

Section: Effect Of Digital Interaction Towards Wellbeingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visualizing the Complex Problem of Children's Digital Wellbeing in South Korea: A Systems Thinking Approach

Widjaja,

Baek

2023

Proc. Des. Soc.

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Considering the prevalence of digital interaction within the Generation Alpha, this study focuses on the digital wellbeing of elementary school-aged children in South Korea. By taking into account the multi-faceted nature, this study frames the issue that exists within children's digital wellbeing as a complex problem and aims to have a better comprehensive understanding of the system using a designerly and systems thinking approach. Thus, this study conducts a Systematic literature review and thematic analysis to get grasp of the current situation which then is translated using a systems thinking-based visualization tool to convey the causal relationships that exist within the system. Therefore, the outcome of this study presents a concept map that consolidates the findings to communicate a holistic perspective of children's digital wellbeing which can be used in design activities and decision-making processes which contribute to future design solutions and conversations.

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Association Between Screen Overuse and Behavioral and Emotional Problems in Elementary School Children

Cited by 8 publications

References 24 publications

Associations between problematic smartphone use and behavioural difficulties, quality of life, and school performance among children and adolescents

Associations between problematic smartphone use and behavioural difficulties, quality of life, and school performance among children and adolescents

Lower-Income Predicts Increased Smartphone Use and Problematic Behaviors Among Schoolchildren During COVID-19 Related School Modification: A Longitudinal Study

Visualizing the Complex Problem of Children's Digital Wellbeing in South Korea: A Systems Thinking Approach

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