Association between Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Hypertension in 106,268 Korean Self-Reported Never-Smokers Verified by Cotinine

Kim, Byung Jin; Kang, Jeong Gyu; Kim, Ji Hye; Seo, Dae Chul; Sung, Ki Chul; Kim, Bum Soo; Kang, Jin Ho

doi:10.3390/jcm8081238

Cited by 27 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In our report, we found PSE increased odds of hypertension which is in tandem with similar reports on the contribution of PSE to hypertension [ 24 – 28 ] and cardiovascular events [ 13 , 20 , 25 , 29 , 30 ]. According to similar reports from other populations, PSE independently increased the risk of hypertension by 11% in a Japanese population [ 24 ], 16% in among Korea adults [ 26 ] and 38% among Chinese women [ 27 ]. Similarly, PSE accounted for about 379,000 ischaemic heart disease-related mortality among adults worldwide in 2004 [ 29 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

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Passive smoking exposure and the risk of hypertension among non-smoking adults: the 2015–2016 NHANES data

et al. 2021

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Background Hypertension is a major public health problem and a prominent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. However, whether passive smoking exposure (PSE) is associated with the risk of hypertension is scarcely understood. This study assessed the association between PSE and the risk of hypertension among adults (≥18 years) in the United States of America. Methods Three thousand and sixty-seven adults were identified from the 2015–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and the association between PSE and hypertension (adjusting for relevant confounders) was examined using multivariable adjusted-logistic regression analysis at P < 0.05. Results Mean age of respondents was 46.5 ± 17.9 years. Overall, 23.7% of respondents reported PSE and 32.6% were hypertensives (of which only 14.3% were aware of their hypertensive state) Also, adjusted odds of hypertension for participants with PSE was 1.038 (1.037, 1.040), P < 0.0001, in the overall population. Also, PSE aggravated odds of hypertension among young adults – < 60 years (aOR: 1.095, 95CI%: 1.094 to 1.097), P < 0.0001, and old adults – ≥60 years (aOR: 1.110, 95% CI: 1.108 to 1.113), P < 0.0001. Similarly, PSE was associated with increased odds of hypertension among women (aOR: 1.240, 95% CI: 1.238 to 1.242), P < 0.0001 but not among men (aOR: 0.755, 95% CI: 0.754 to 0.757), P < 0.0001. Conclusions PSE was independently associated with the risk of hypertension particularly among women, young and old adults. A multi-ethnic longitudinal cohort may help ascertain causality and provide more evidence for appropriate interventions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…For example, a recent report by Xu and colleagues [ 44 ] found PSE significantly increased the risk of AAC among women but not among men in China. However, Kim et al [ 26 ] and Tamura et al [ 24 ] in two separate studies from South Korea and Japan respectively found PSE increased the odds of hypertension independent of sex differences.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Passive smoking exposure and the risk of hypertension among non-smoking adults: the 2015–2016 NHANES data

et al. 2021

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“…Multiple studies which assessed the association between smoking and hypertension have shown inconsistent results [ 4 , 13 , 31 – 33 ]. However, a recent cross-sectional study which assessed the association between SHS exposure and hypertension in Korean adults has shown that SHS exposure is associated with increased odds for hypertension [ 34 ]. The pathophysiology behind this association is mainly nicotine-mediated sympathetic activation, endothelial dysfunction, hypercoagulation, and increased arterial stiffness [ 31 , 34 , 35 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Metabolic Syndrome in 118,609 Korean Never Smokers Verified by Self-Reported Questionnaire and Urine Cotinine

Kim¹,

Kim²,

Hyun³

et al. 2020

Endocrinol Metab

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Background: No study has reported the association between secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in self-reported never smokers verified by both self-reported questionnaire and urine cotinine.Methods: A total of 118,609 self-reported and cotinine-verified never smokers (38,385 male; age 34.8±7.1 years) who participated in the Kangbuk Samsung Health Study between 2011 and 2016 were included. Cotinine-verified never smokers were defined as individuals with urinary cotinine <50 ng/mL. SHS exposure was defined as current exposure to passive smoking indoors at home or workplace.Results: Prevalence of SHS exposure in the overall population was 22.6% (27.4% for males and 20.3% for females (P<0.001). The overall prevalence of MetS was 6.8% and was higher in males than in females (10.7% vs. 4.9%, P<0.001). In both genders, MetS prevalence was higher in the SHS exposure group than the non-SHS exposure group (11.3% vs. 10.4%, P=0.010 for males; 5.8% vs. 4.6%, P<0.001 for females). However, there was significant gender interaction for the association between SHS exposure and MetS (P for interaction=0.010). In the multivariate regression analyses, SHS exposure was associated with increased MetS odds only in females (odds ratio [95% confidence interval], 1.02 [0.94 to 1.11] in male vs. 1.17 [1.06 to 1.29] in female). In particular, females with SHS exposure of ≥1 hour/day and ≥3 times showed increased odds of MetS compared with those without SHS exposure (1.22 [1.02 to 1.45], 1.30 [1.14 to 1.49]).Conclusion: This cross-sectional study showed that SHS exposure was significantly associated with prevalence of MetS in self-reported and cotinine-verified female never smokers.

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“…With the self‐reported questionnaires, SHS smoke exposure was defined as current exposure to passive smoke indoors at home or the workplace. Daily time, weekly frequency, and total duration of SHS exposure were collected 28 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between secondhand smoke exposure and diabetes mellitus in 131 724 Korean never smokers using self‐reported questionnaires and cotinine levels: Gender differences

Kim

Kang

et al. 2020

Journal of Diabetes

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The aim of this study is to compare the gender-different associations between secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure and diabetes in self-reported never smokers verified by cotinine. Methods: Self-reported never smokers verified by cotinine levels (<50 ng/mL) enrolled in the Kangbuk Samsung Health Study between April 2011 and December 2016 were included for this study. SHS exposure was defined as current exposure to passive smoke indoors at home or workplace. The genderspecific association between SHS exposure and diabetes was assessed using multivariable regression analyses. Results: Of the total 131 724 individuals (mean age 35 years, SD 7.1 years), 66.8% were female, and the prevalence of SHS exposure in the entire population was 22.9%. The prevalence of diabetes in the group exposed to SHS was higher than that in the group unexposed to SHS only in females (1.8% vs 1.2%, P < .001 for females; 2.2% vs 2.2%, P = .956 for males). A significant gender interaction existed for the relationships between SHS exposure and diabetes (P for interaction <.001). The multivariate regression model showed that SHS exposure was significantly associated with diabetes only in females (odds ratio [95% CI], 1.40 [1.20, 1.65] for females; 1.00 [0.85, 1.19] for males). In particular, females with SHS exposure ≥1 hour/day, ≥3 times/week, and ≥10 years showed an increased risk of diabetes by more than 50% compared to those without SHS exposure. Conclusions: SHS exposure was significantly associated with diabetes in female never smokers with dose-dependent relationship. However, further longitudinal studies are needed to elucidate the gender difference in the incidence of diabetes associated with SHS exposure.

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Association between Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Hypertension in 106,268 Korean Self-Reported Never-Smokers Verified by Cotinine

Cited by 27 publications

References 26 publications

Passive smoking exposure and the risk of hypertension among non-smoking adults: the 2015–2016 NHANES data

Passive smoking exposure and the risk of hypertension among non-smoking adults: the 2015–2016 NHANES data

Association between Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Metabolic Syndrome in 118,609 Korean Never Smokers Verified by Self-Reported Questionnaire and Urine Cotinine

Association between secondhand smoke exposure and diabetes mellitus in 131 724 Korean never smokers using self‐reported questionnaires and cotinine levels: Gender differences

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