Association between sedentary behaviour and risk of dementia: an evidence gap

Dillon, Kirsten; Gardiner, Paul A.

doi:10.1038/s41398-021-01316-8

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Previous studies have associated chronic sedentary behaviours with increased dementia risks [43] and cognitive impairment [2], but less is known about the influence that modifiable lifestyle behaviours may have on these functions [3]. Specifically, there is limited knowledge about how simple physical activity strategies such as leg fidgeting may help to alleviate compounded dysfunctions caused by prolonged sitting and Western meals high in refined sugars and fats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leg Fidgeting Improves Executive Function following Prolonged Sitting with a Typical Western Meal: A Randomized, Controlled Cross-Over Trial

Fryer

Paterson

Stoner

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Prolonged uninterrupted sitting and a typical Western meal, high in fat and refined sugar, can additively impair cognitive and cerebrovascular functions. However, it is unknown whether interrupting these behaviours, with a simple desk-based activity, can attenuate the impairment. The aim of this study was to determine whether regular leg fidgeting can off-set the detrimental effects of prolonged sitting following the consumption of a typical Western meal, on executive and cerebrovascular function. Using a randomized cross-over design, 13 healthy males consumed a Western meal and completed 180-min of prolonged sitting with leg fidgeting of 1 min on/4 min off (intervention [INT]) and without (control [CON]). Cognitive function was assessed pre and post sitting using the Trail Maker Test (TMT) parts A and B. Common carotid artery (CCA) blood flow, as an index of brain flow, was measured pre and post, and cerebral (FP1) perfusion was measured continuously. For TMT B the CON trial significantly increased (worsened) completion time (mean difference [MD] = 5.2 s, d = 0.38), the number of errors (MD = 3.33, d = 0.68) and cognitive fatigue (MD = 0.73, d = 0.92). Compared to CON, the INT trial significantly improved completion time (MD = 2.3 s, d = 0.97), and prevented declines in cognitive fatigue and a reduction in the number of errors. No significant changes in cerebral perfusion or CCA blood flow were found. Leg fidgeting for 1-min on/4-min off following a meal high in fats and refined sugars attenuated the impairment in executive function. This attenuation in executive function may not be caused by alterations in CCA blood flow or cerebral perfusion.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leg Fidgeting Improves Executive Function following Prolonged Sitting with a Typical Western Meal: A Randomized, Controlled Cross-Over Trial

Fryer

Paterson

Stoner

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…However, a recent prospective study that combined TV viewing with radio listening as one SB exposure found no association with incident dementia ( 32 ). Despite continued focus on SB and aspects of cardiometabolic health and mortality, to our knowledge, no prospective studies have examined the association between different SB domains and incident dementia, and none have examined these relationships in relation to PA engagement ( 33 ). Here, we use the UK Biobank, the largest prospective cohort of community-dwelling adults to include measures of self-reported SB, PA, and follow-up diagnoses of dementia to test the hypothesis that different leisure-time SB domains (TV watching vs. computer use) are associated with incident dementia and that these associations are not modified by engagement in PA.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Leisure-time sedentary behaviors are differentially associated with all-cause dementia regardless of engagement in physical activity

Raichlen

Klimentidis

Sayre

et al. 2022

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Sedentary behavior (SB) is associated with cardiometabolic disease and mortality, but its association with dementia is currently unclear. This study investigates whether SB is associated with incident dementia regardless of engagement in physical activity (PA). A total of 146,651 participants from the UK Biobank who were 60 years or older and did not have a diagnosis of dementia (mean [SD] age: 64.59 [2.84] years) were included. Self-reported leisure-time SBs were divided into two domains: time spent watching television (TV) or time spent using a computer. A total of 3,507 individuals were diagnosed with all-cause dementia over a mean follow-up of 11.87 (±1.17) years. In models adjusted for a wide range of covariates, including time spent in PA, time spent watching TV was associated with increased risk of incident dementia (HR [95% CI] = 1.24 [1.15 to 1.32]) and time spent using a computer was associated with decreased risk of incident dementia (HR [95% CI] = 0.85 [0.81 to 0.90]). In joint associations with PA, TV time and computer time remained significantly associated with dementia risk at all PA levels. Reducing time spent in cognitively passive SB (i.e., TV time) and increasing time spent in cognitively active SB (i.e., computer time) may be effective behavioral modification targets for reducing risk of dementia regardless of engagement in PA.

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“…In other words, because of the cognitive benefits of physical exercise, the strength or direction of the association between sedentariness and cognition would change with the level of physical activity. Furthermore, it was highlighted that the term sedentary behavior is still misused and mistaken for physical inactivity, leading to false conclusions [ 43 , 44 ]. When sedentary behavior is correctly defined and assessed, no effect on cognition is found over a short period of time ([ 45 ]), while prospective studies investigating self-reported sedentary time in daily life suggest negative associations with executive functioning (see Reference [ 46 ], for opposing results see Reference [ 47 ]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although long-term sedentariness is not yet defined, it seems essential to consider in order to determine its possible psychological and cognitive consequences [ 51 ]. For example, the mixed results on the association between sedentary and neurodegenerative diseases might be explained by the lack of a proper definition of sedentariness [ 44 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sedentary Lifestyle Matters as Past Sedentariness, Not Current Sedentariness, Predicts Cognitive Inhibition Performance among College Students: An Exploratory Study

Magnon

Vallet

Dutheil

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Background: Currently, sedentariness is assessed over a short period of time, thus it is difficult to study its cognitive implications. To investigate the cognitive consequences of a sedentary lifestyle, the past level (i.e., the sedentary time accumulated over the years) and current level of sedentariness should be considered. This pilot study aimed to investigate the negative association between a sedentary lifestyle and cognition by considering both the current and past sedentariness. It was expected that the physical activity level moderates the potential negative association between sedentariness and cognition. Methods: 52 college students (Mage = 20.19, SDage = 2; 36 women) participated in the study. Current sedentariness (ratio of sedentary time in the last year), past sedentariness (ratio of sedentary time accumulated in previous years), and physical activity (ratio of time spent in physical activity in years) were assessed using a questionnaire. Cognitive inhibition, cognitive flexibility, and working memory updating were measured through three specific tests. Results: Past sedentariness significantly explained the inhibition performance when controlled for physical activity, whereas current sedentariness did not. More precisely, past sedentariness only negatively predicted cognitive inhibition when the physical activity level was low (β = −3.15, z(48) = −2.62, p = 0.01). Conclusions: The impact of sedentariness on cognitive functioning might only be revealed when past sedentariness and physical activity are controlled.

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Association between sedentary behaviour and risk of dementia: an evidence gap

Cited by 6 publications

References 10 publications

Leg Fidgeting Improves Executive Function following Prolonged Sitting with a Typical Western Meal: A Randomized, Controlled Cross-Over Trial

Leg Fidgeting Improves Executive Function following Prolonged Sitting with a Typical Western Meal: A Randomized, Controlled Cross-Over Trial

Leisure-time sedentary behaviors are differentially associated with all-cause dementia regardless of engagement in physical activity

Sedentary Lifestyle Matters as Past Sedentariness, Not Current Sedentariness, Predicts Cognitive Inhibition Performance among College Students: An Exploratory Study

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