Association between size at birth, truncal fat and obesity in adult life and its contribution to blood pressure and coronary heart disease; study in a high birth weight population

Gunnarsdóttir, Ingibjörg; Birgisdóttir, Bryndís Eva; Benediktsson, Rafn; Gudnason, Vilmundur; Þórsdóttir, Inga

doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601881

Cited by 34 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…23 That theory is supported by an association between birth weight and fatfree mass in adulthood at any adult BMI, 23 and an inverse relation between birth weight and adult truncal fat. 22 This indicates the weakness of BMI as a measure of body composition or body fatness. In more recent cohorts, the highest birth weight might be related to high fat mass and obesity, however.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[18][19][20] Birth weight has been shown to be positively associated with BMI in adulthood, without being a risk factor for severe adult obesity. 21,22 The association is probably due to larger muscle mass developed in critical periods in foetal life and in childhood leading to higher birth weight and adult BMI in the cohorts from early in last century. 22,23 The prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased at all ages during the last decades.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…21,22 The association is probably due to larger muscle mass developed in critical periods in foetal life and in childhood leading to higher birth weight and adult BMI in the cohorts from early in last century. 22,23 The prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased at all ages during the last decades. More knowledge is needed about the impact of size at birth on the growing generation's BMI.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tracking of overweight from early childhood to adolescence in cohorts born 1988 and 1994: overweight in a high birth weight population

et al. 2006

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Objective: To investigate the prevalence and tracking of overweight and obesity in childhood cohorts born 1988 and 1994 in a population of high birth weight. Subjects: Icelandic cohorts born in 1988 and 1994. Materials and methods: Out of 1328, 9-and 15-year-old children from 18 randomly selected schools all over Iceland, 934 participated (71%). Height and mass were measured by the investigators. Also, height and mass at birth, and at age 2.5, 6, 9, and 12 years, were collected from maternity wards and school health registers. Results: The prevalence of overweight children ranged from 10.1% for 2.5-year-olds to 18.7% for 9-year-olds. No difference was observed between the two cohorts or sex. The prevalence of obesity in the 1994 cohort (4.3%) was significantly higher (P ¼ 0.01) at age 6 years, compared to the 1988 cohort (1.1%). The children who were overweight at age 2.5 years were more likely to be overweight at age 6 (OR ¼ 12.2) and 9 years (OR ¼ 4.9), but not significantly at age 12 or 15 years, compared with normal weight 2.5-year-olds. Overweight children at age 6 or 9 years were much more likely (OR 10.4 and OR 18.6, respectively) to be overweight at age 15 years compared to their normal weight peers. Of overweight 6-year-olds, 51% were overweight at 15 years, and were about one-third of all overweight children at that age. The children that weighed above the 85th percentile at birth were more likely than the other children to be overweight at the age of 6 years (OR ¼ 1.8), 9 years (OR ¼ 2.1), and 15 (OR ¼ 2.0) years. Conclusion:The results show high prevalence of overweight and obesity even before the start of compulsory schooling. Approximately, 51% of overweight 6-year-olds were still overweight after puberty. Therefore, preschool overweight prevention, along with prevention at school age, seems to be of uttermost importance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tracking of overweight from early childhood to adolescence in cohorts born 1988 and 1994: overweight in a high birth weight population

et al. 2006

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“…The meaning of this difference for health in later life has also been discussed, as low birth weight has been related to adult diseases in several studies and also in the high-birth-weight population of Iceland (30,31,(33)(34)(35) . However, in recent studies high birth weight has in many cases been related to both childhood and adult overweight (36)(37)(38)(39)(40) , that might be related to the increasing pre-pregnancy weight of mothers following the obesity epidemic. In the present study birth weight was not a predictor of childhood BMI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infant weight gain, duration of exclusive breast-feeding and childhood BMI – two similar follow-up cohorts

Gunnarsdóttir

Schack-Nielsen

Michaelsen

et al. 2009

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To describe the association between duration of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), weight gain in infancy and childhood BMI in two populations with a long duration of EBF. Design: Cohort study with follow-up in childhood. Breast-feeding status was reported monthly during infancy. Weight and length were measured at birth, 2, 6 and 12 months of age, as well as in childhood at 6 or 10 years of age. Setting: Iceland and Denmark. Subjects: Randomly selected healthy newborns from Denmark (n 85) and Iceland (n 100). Results: Infants exclusively breast-fed for #2 months gained 348 (95% CI 69, 626) g more weight from 2 to 6 months than infants exclusively breast-fed for 3-4 months (P 5 0?009). Weight gain from 6 to 12 months was found to be greater among infants exclusively breast-fed for #2 months compared with those exclusively breast-fed for $5 months (P 5 0?008). A greater weight change, in terms of Z-score, between the ages of 2 and 6 months was associated with higher Z-score of childhood BMI, adjusted for birth weight, country and duration of EBF (B 5 0?49, SE 5 0?11, P , 0?001, adj. R 2 5 0?15). However, the association was much stronger in the Icelandic cohort than the Danish one. Conclusions: Although duration of EBF was not associated with childhood BMI in the present study it may modulate growth rate in infancy, which is related to childhood BMI. However, other factors determinative for infant growth also need to be considered when assessing the relationship of early growth and nutrition to childhood overweight, as traditions in complementary food might differ between populations.

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“…There is significant evidence showing the strong and positive association between BW and current weight [183,[231][232][233][234]. The association between BW and being overweight has also been described as positive for early adolescents, young male adults and older adults [235][236][237].…”

Section: Adjusting and Confounding Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The independent associations of HbA1c, C-reactive protein and birth weight with cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease in a remote Indigenous Australian community: a prospective cohort study

Arnold¹

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Association between size at birth, truncal fat and obesity in adult life and its contribution to blood pressure and coronary heart disease; study in a high birth weight population

Cited by 34 publications

References 32 publications

Tracking of overweight from early childhood to adolescence in cohorts born 1988 and 1994: overweight in a high birth weight population

Tracking of overweight from early childhood to adolescence in cohorts born 1988 and 1994: overweight in a high birth weight population

Infant weight gain, duration of exclusive breast-feeding and childhood BMI – two similar follow-up cohorts

The independent associations of HbA1c, C-reactive protein and birth weight with cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease in a remote Indigenous Australian community: a prospective cohort study

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