Association between sleep deficiency and cardiometabolic disease: implications for health disparities

Abstract

Cardiometabolic diseases, which include obesity, diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease, are associated with reduced quality of life and reduced life expectancy. Unfortunately, racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in these diseases exist such that minority populations, such as African Americans and Hispanics, and those of lower socioeconomic status, experience a greater burden. Several reports have indicated that there are differences in sleep duration and quality that mirror the disparities in cardiometabolic disease. The goal of this paper is to review the association between sleep and cardiometabolic disease risk because of the possibility that suboptimal sleep may partially mediate the cardiometabolic disease disparities. We will review both experimental studies that have restricted sleep duration or impaired sleep quality and examined biomarkers of cardiometabolic disease risk, including glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity, appetite regulation and food intake, and immune function. We will also review observational studies that have examined the association between habitual sleep duration and quality and the prevalence or risk of obesity, diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Many experimental and observational studies do support an association between suboptimal sleep and increased cardiometabolic disease risk.

Duración subóptima del sueño y fenotipo circadiano en mujeres adultas residentes de Valencia, Venezuela atendidas en jornadas de salud. Perfil cardiometabólico asociado

“…La contribución del déficit de sueño a la fisiopatología de las enfermedades cardiometabólicas y su riesgo entraña diversos mecanismos que se solapan y entrecruzan. Uno de ellos es la activación del eje hormonal del estréssistema inmune que perturba la regulación homeostática en células inmunes, hepatocitos, adipocitos, endoteliales y vasculares, lo que crea un ambiente proinflamatorioprotrombótico, insulinoresistencia y elevación de la presión arterial (49) . Asimismo, otros mecanismos serían el incremento del apetito, la disminución del empleo de la glucosa en el cerebro y el incremento de la actividad simpática (5) .…”

Dietary Intervention for Glucose Tolerance In Teens (DIG IT): Protocol of a randomized controlled trial using health coaching to prevent youth-onset type 2 diabetes

“…Race/ethnicity and age, as well as dietary intakes of nutrients and physical activity known to influence glycaemia and insulin action dynamics, will be controlled for in the linear mixed models. Since other outcomes including sleep [66] and mood disturbances [67] may affect study outcomes, we may include these in the model. Continuous data will be tested for normality and if the data is skewed, log transformation may be used to normalize data or non-parametric statistics will be used.…”

Az alvászavar és a metabolikus szindróma kapcsolata

“…(7,8). Az alvás az életben maradáshoz nélkülözhetetlen szükséglet a szervezet számára (4,9). Ez a biológiai folyamat kritikus szerepet játszik az agy, az anyagcsere, az étvágyszabályozás, az immun-, hormon-és mális alvásmennyiség egyénenként változó.…”