Association between sleep quality and time with energy metabolism in sedentary adults

Abstract

the aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship of sleep quality and time with basal metabolic rate (BMR) and fuel oxidation in basal conditions and during exercise in sedentary middleaged adults. We also studied the mediation role of dietary intake and adherence to the traditional Mediterranean Diet in the relationship between sleep parameters and energy metabolism parameters.A secondary analysis of the FIT-AGEING study was undertaken. 70 middle-aged sedentary adults (40-65 years old) participated in the present study. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and wrist accelerometers (ActiSleep, Actigraph, Pensacola, Florida, USA) for 7 consecutive days. BMR was measured with indirect calorimetry and fuel oxidation was estimated through stoichiometric equations. Maximal fat oxidation was determined by a walking graded exercise test and dietary intake with 24 h recalls. Adherence to the traditional Mediterranean diet was assessed through the PREDIMED questionnaire. PSQI global score (poor sleep quality) was associated with lower basal fat oxidation (BFox), both expressed in g/min and as a percentage of BMR, independently of confounders. We did not find any association between other sleep and energy metabolism parameters. No mediating role of the dietary intake or PREDIMED global score was observed in the association of PSQI and BFox. In conclusion, our study showed that a subjective poor sleep quality was associated with lower BFox, which is not mediated by dietary intake in sedentary adults. Cardiometabolic diseases and obesity are the leading causes of death in developed countries, becoming an epidemic in the last years 1,2. Unhealthy diets represent one of the top risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases and obesity, developing a positive energy balance 3. Simultaneously, a low basal metabolic rate (BMR), an impaired meal-induced thermogenesis and low physical activity levels could result in a reduced total energy expenditure 4. This low total energy expenditure coupled to high energy intake could produce a gradual weight gain and visceral adipose tissue deposition, increasing the risk of cardiometabolic diseases and obesity 5. The ability to oxidize fat as a fuel is considered an important metabolic health parameter 6. An impaired ability to oxidize fat is associated with an increased risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, cancer and systemic inflammation 7. Therefore, fat oxidation in basal conditions (BFox) and maximal fat oxidation during exercise (MFO) are considered markers of metabolic health 8-10. Sleep pattern variations, including a decrease in the quality and quantity of sleep, have been shown to be also a risk factor for the development of obesity and cardiometabolic diseases 11. These changes in sleep quality and quantity disrupt the circadian rhythms and may have deleterious consequences on people health 12. Previous studies have provided a causal link between short sleep duration and poor sleep qu...

Association of plant‐based diet index with inflammatory markers and sleep quality in overweight and obese female adults: A cross‐sectional study

“…Fibre intake did not have a mediating role between the association of PSQI with fat oxidation. Alterations of sleep pattern over time and variations of individuals' body composition and metabolic status might explain the inconsistent results 105 . The relationship between PDI and hPDI with sleep quality did not reach significant levels in the current study.…”

“…94,99 Previous observational studies have shown that short sleepers have poorer dietary quality with lower intakes of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and beans. 100 105 The relationship between PDI and hPDI with sleep quality did not reach significant levels in the current study. This might be explained by the fact that socioeconomic status is a determining factor in sleep health.…”

“…Since participants were women with fibromyalgia, it is possible that 60 mg of tryptophan and 60 mg magnesium added to the diet was not adequate to improve their sleep quality 104 . Another study 105 found no association between fibre intake and PSQI. Fibre intake did not have a mediating role between the association of PSQI with fat oxidation.…”

“…Linear regression analysis for the association of plant based diet index (PDI), healthful plant-based diet index (hPDI) and unhealthful plant-based diet index (uPDI) with hs-CRP Additionally adjusted for physical activity, education, economic status, sleep hours, supplements Adjusted for age and body mass index c Additionally adjusted for physical activity, education, occupation, sleep hours, supplements intake mg of tryptophan and 60 mg magnesium added to the diet was not adequate to improve their sleep quality 104. Another study105 found no association between fibre intake and PSQI. Fibre intake did not have a mediating role between the association of PSQI with fat oxidation.…”

High-Intensity Interval Exercise Performance and Short-Term Metabolic Responses to Overnight-Fasted Acute-Partial Sleep Deprivation

“…In order to ensure that the participants were “good sleepers” and in addition to the scores of PSQI, a sleep monitor (SenseWear™, Body Media ® , Pittsburgh, PA, USA) was provided to be worn on their non-dominant arm for 23 h a day for one whole week prior to the experimental conditions, as well as 2 days leading up to the RSE and SSE conditions. Data from the sleep monitor were used to characterize sleep and physical activity levels [ 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 69 , 70 ], as the participants had to be “good responders” and to refrain from physical activities for 2 days prior to the RSE and SSE conditions. In addition to sleep and physical activity requirements, the participants had to control and monitor their diets for the same period (i.e., 1 week prior and 2 days leading to the experimental conditions).…”