Association between smoking and alcohol‐related behaviours: a time–series analysis of population trends in England

Beard, Emma; West, Robert; Michie, Susan; Brown, Jamie

doi:10.1111/add.13887

Cited by 45 publications

(38 citation statements)

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“…Smoking-related characteristics included: smoking status, time to first cigarette, consistent motivation to stop and (because it has been shown to be associated with smoking and quitting behaviour25–27) high-risk drinking. Smoking status was self-reported by all adults in response to the question: ‘Which of the following best applies to you (current smoker/stopped in the past year/stopped more than a year ago/never smoked)?’.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and correlates of long-term e-cigarette and nicotine replacement therapy use: a prospective study in England

et al. 2019

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ObjectivesTo examine the prevalence of, and sociodemographic and smoking-related characteristics associated with, long-term e-cigarette use compared with long-term nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) use.DesignCross-sectional and prospective survey, the Smoking Toolkit Study, with baseline data collected between September 2014 and September 2016 and follow-ups at 6 and 12 months.SettingEngland.ParticipantsPopulation representative sample of 40 933 adults aged 16+ years.Main outcome measuresPrevalence of long-term (≥12 months) use of e-cigarettes and NRT by retrospective self-report among baseline respondents (all adults, n=40 933; smokers, n=8406) and current use at baseline, 6 months and 12 months in a subsample of smokers who responded to follow-up (n=733).ResultsOf baseline respondents, 1.5% (95% CI 1.4% to 1.6%, n=604) of adults and 3.9% (95% CI 3.5% to 4.3%, n=327) of smokers were long-term e-cigarette users and 0.5% (95% CI 0.4% to 0.6%, n=205) of adults and 1.3% (95% CI 1.1% to 1.5%, n=112) of smokers were long-term NRT users. Assessed prospectively, 13.4% (95% CI 10.9% to 15.9%, n=100) of smokers were long-term e-cigarette users and 1.9% (95% CI 0.9% to 2.9%, n=14) were long-term NRT users. Among all adults, long-term use by never smokers of either e-cigarettes (0.1%, n=27) or NRT (0.0%, n=7) was rare. Among past-year smokers, long-term e-cigarette and NRT use was higher among older smokers compared with those who were 16–34 years old (OR range=1.55–5.21). Long-term e-cigarette use only was lower in smokers who were less educated (OR=0.63, 95% CI 0.49 to 0.81), from social grades C2DE (OR=0.66, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.84) and with children in the household (OR=0.66, 95% CI 0.51 to 0.85). Long-term e-cigarette use and long-term NRT use were higher among smokers more motivated to quit (OR=2.05, 95% CI 1.63 to 2.60 and OR=2.33, 95% CI 1.57 to 3.46).ConclusionsIn the adult population in England, long-term use of e-cigarettes and long-term use of NRT are almost exclusively by current or ex-smokers. Only a minority of past-year smokers retrospectively report long-term e-cigarette or NRT use, but this figure may be an underestimate, especially for e-cigarette use, which is more than threefold higher when assessed prospectively.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and correlates of long-term e-cigarette and nicotine replacement therapy use: a prospective study in England

et al. 2019

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“…Binge drinking among adolescents is associated with many additional risky behaviors, such as drug abuse and unprotected sexual behavior [ 14 , 15 , 16 ]. In addition, cigarette smoking has been found to be associated with drinking alcohol; those who smoke more cigarettes are more likely to drink more alcohol [ 17 ]. Adolescents who drink alcohol have a lower chance of overcoming smoking addictions [ 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of an Urban Forest Health Intervention Program on Physical Activity, Substance Abuse, Psychosomatic Symptoms, and Life Satisfaction among Adolescents

Tesler

Plaut

Endvelt

2018

IJERPH

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Background: At-risk adolescents have been defined as youth who are or might be in physical, mental, or emotional danger. An Urban Forest Health Intervention Program (UFHIP) was formed at a center for at-risk adolescents in Israel, in order to promote physical activity and reduce risky behavior. Objective: To evaluate the intervention’s effect on physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, psychosomatic symptoms, and life satisfaction. Methods: From 2015 to 2016, at-risk youth were nonrandomly selected to participate in the UFHIP. Questionnaires were administered to both intervention and control groups before and after the intervention. Univariate and multivariable analyses evaluated the intervention’s effect. Results: The study participants (n = 53) showed 0.81 more sessions per week of 60 min of physical activity than did the control group (n = 23; p = 0.003). Among the intervention group, smoking frequency reduced from a mean of 2.60 (SD = 1.30) to 1.72 (SD = 1.08), whereas that in the control group increased from 3.17 (1.03) to 3.39 (1.03). In both groups, there was a reduction in alcohol consumption, with a greater change among intervention participants: −1.08 (SD = 1.30), compared with −0.09 (SD = 1.79) in the control group. Conclusions: Findings indicate that the environmental intervention was efficacious in increasing physical activity and reducing risky behaviors among youth. The effectiveness of this intervention among larger samples is warranted in future prospective studies.

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“…However, there were no significant associations between motivation to stop and motivation to reduce alcohol consumption or attempts to quit smoking and attempts to reduce alcohol consumption. 22 We found the combination of results surprising and suggested that the association with overall prevalence may be related to an unmeasured variable that accounted for the change in both smoking and high-risk drinking. Alternatively, the failure to find an overall association between motivation and attempts for each behaviour may be an issue of power when focussing on the global association between subsamples that represented only a fifth of the overall sample.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…These findings suggest that the previously identified positive association between prevalence of smoking and prevalence of high-risk drinking is unlikely to be causal, whereby smokers attempting to quit, and those succeeding, also reduce their alcohol intake. 22 Although it remains possible that use of alcohol by smokers impacts on other key indices including longer term abstinence, the small proportion of smokers who relapse long term (ie, after a year) could not account for the size of association noted. It may instead be that overall prevalence is related to an unmeasured variable, perhaps economic factors and sociocultural events, that accounts for the change in both smoking and high-risk drinking.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Are population trends in high-risk alcohol consumption in smokers associated with trends in quit attempts and quit success? A time-series analysis

et al. 2020

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ObjectivesMonthly changes in the prevalence of high-risk drinking and smoking in England appear to be positively correlated. This study aimed to assess how far monthly changes in high-risk drinking were specifically associated with attempts to stop smoking and the success of quit attempts.DesignData were used from the Alcohol and Smoking Toolkit Studies between April 2014 and June 2018. These involve monthly household face-to-face surveys of representative samples of ~1800 adults.SettingEngland.ParticipantsData were aggregated on 17 560 past-year smokers over the study period.Primary and secondary outcome measuresAutoregressive integrated moving average with exogenous input (ARIMAX) modelling was used to assess the association over time between monthly prevalence of high-risk drinking among smokers and (a) prevalence of attempts to quit smoking and (b) prevalence of successful quit attempts in those attempting to quit. Bayes factors (BF) were calculated to compare the null hypothesis with the hypothesis of an effect sufficiently large (β=0.6) to explain the established association between overall prevalence in smoking and high-risk drinking.ResultsNo statistically significant associations were found between monthly changes in prevalence of high-risk drinking among smokers and attempts to quit smoking (β=0.156, 95% CI −0.079 to 0.391, p=0.194) or quit success (β=0.066, 95% CI −0.524 to 0.655, p=0.827). BF indicated that the data were insensitive but suggested there is weak evidence for the null hypothesis in the case of both quit attempts (BF=0.80) and quit success (BF=0.53).ConclusionsMonthly changes in prevalence of high-risk alcohol consumption in England are not clearly associated with changes in quit attempt or quit success rates.

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Association between smoking and alcohol‐related behaviours: a time–series analysis of population trends in England

Cited by 45 publications

References 50 publications

Prevalence and correlates of long-term e-cigarette and nicotine replacement therapy use: a prospective study in England

Prevalence and correlates of long-term e-cigarette and nicotine replacement therapy use: a prospective study in England

The Effects of an Urban Forest Health Intervention Program on Physical Activity, Substance Abuse, Psychosomatic Symptoms, and Life Satisfaction among Adolescents

Are population trends in high-risk alcohol consumption in smokers associated with trends in quit attempts and quit success? A time-series analysis

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