Association between Socio-demographic, Nutrition Intake, Cultural Belief, and Incidence of Anemia in Pregnant Women In Karanganyar, Central Java

Abstract

Background: Anemia in pregnancy remains a major public health issue in developing countries. Studies in Indonesia examining the effects of socio-demographic factors, dietary pattern, and cultural belief on the risk of anemia in pregnancy are lacking. This study aimed to examinethe effects of socio-demographic factors, dietary pattern, and cultural belief on the risk of anemia in pregnancy. Subjects and Method: An analytic cross-sectional study was conducted in 5 community health centers in Karanganyar, Central Java, from February to March 2018.A total of 200 trimester I, II, and III pregnant mothers was selected for this study by fixed disease sampling, consisting of 50 mothers with anemia and 150 mothers without anemia. The dependent variable was anemia during pregnancy. The independent variables were nutrition intake, dietary pattern, consumption of iron tablet, family income, parity, family size, antenatal care visit, and cultural belief. The data were collected by questionnaire. The anemia status was obtained from medical record. The data were analyzed by path analysis performed on Stata 13. Results: The risk of anemia during pregnancy directly decreased with better nutrition intake (b= -1.02; 95% CI= -1.73 to -0.31; p= 0.005) and regular consumption of iron tablet (b= -0.79; 95% CI= 1.48 to -0.10; p= 0.024). The risk of anemia during pregnancy was indirectly affected by better dietary pattern, higher family income, larger family size, cultural belief, parity, higher education, and antenatal care visit. Conclusion: Good nutrition intake and regular consumption of iron tablet decreased the risk of anemia during pregnancy. Dietary pattern, family income, family size, cultural belief, parity, and maternal education have indirect effects on the risk of anemia during pregnancy.

Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by community in Jambur Labu Village, East Aceh, Indonesia

“…Anemia, fatigue, and toothache are common diseases among the people of the study area. In relation to adequate nutritional intake, anemia is more common in pregnant mothers and young women (Yadav et al 2017;Sinawangwulan et al 2018). Traditional knowledge about medicinal plants has been passed down from generation to generation in the local community in the study area.…”

Standar Kuantitas Antenatal Care Dan Sosial Budaya Dengan Risiko Anemia Pada Kehamilan

“…Ada hubungan tidak langsung antara budaya dengan anemia melalui pola makan, yaitu ibu hamil yang memiliki pantangan makanan tertentu memiliki pola makan yang buruk dibandingkan dengan ibu yang tidak memiliki pantangan makanan selama kehamilan. 13 Hal ini dapat menyebabkan tidak terpenuhinya zat besi yang dibutuhkan ibu selama kehamilannya.…”

Faktor Sosial Budaya yang Berhubungan dengan Anemia pada Ibu Hamil (A Systematic Review)

“…( 16) Selain itu, pada negara berpenghasilan rendah dan menengah lebih banyak terjadinya kasus anemia dikarekanakan tingginya kejadian malaria, malnutrisi, dan kekurangan zat besi. Pada penelitian ini juga mengemukan keluarga dengan pendapatan tinggi dapat menurunkan risiko anemia 1 per 10 dibandingkan keluarga dengan pendapatan rendah (17).…”

“…Konsumsi sayuran lebih banyak dari daging dapat menyebabkan anemia. Pola makan ibu hamil pada trimester I dan II cendrung mengalami kurang energi kronis (KEK) dikarekanakan kondisi yang tidak stabil (17). Empat jenis makanan yang dianjurkan untuk dikonsumsi ibu hamil yaitu beras atau alternatifnya, buah-buahan, sayur-sayuran, dan daging atau alternatifnya.…”

“…Ibu hamil yang mempunyai pantangan makan akan memiliki pola makan kurang baik dibandingkan ibu yang tidak punya pantangan makan. Selain itu pada penelitian yang dikemukan oleh Andriani dimana mitos pantangan makan saat masa kehamilan memiliki risiko anemia 4,5 kali dibandingkan ibu yang tidak memiliki pantangan makan (17).…”