Association between sodium intake and lower urinary tract symptoms: does less sodium intake have a favorable effect or not?

Abstract

Background: Sodium intake is known to be related with hypertension (HTN), which could impact lower urinary tracts symptoms (LUTS) indirectly. To date, only limited clinical evidences exist upon the association between sodium preference and LUTS. This cross-sectional study analyzed the association between sodium preference and the severity of LUTS in men.Methods: A cross-sectional analysis has been performed and a total of 86,637 participants among total registered population of 229,226 in Korean Community Health Survey (KCHS) were included for final analysis. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) or coefficient with 95% confidence interval (CI) estimates were described to show the association between sodium preference and LUTS using negative binomial regression (for the IPSS total, IPSS voiding, and IPSS storage symptoms), ordinal logistic regression (for the IPSS grade), and binomial logistic regression (for the IPSS nocturia symptoms).Results: Preference of salty taste group (high sodium preference) were significantly associated with higher IPSS total score (Coef =0.31; 95% CI: 0.27, 0.35), increased risk of severe IPSS grade (OR =1.46; 95% CI: 1.35, 1.57), higher IPSS voiding score (Coef =0.38; 95% CI: 0.32, 0.44), higher IPSS storage score (Coef =0.25; 95% CI: 0.22, 0.29), and increased risk of having IPSS nocturia symptoms (OR =1.21; 95% CI: 1.16, 1.27) compared to subjects with neutral group (normal sodium preference). Prediction of IPSS score according to salty taste preference showed u shaped distribution.Conclusions: Sodium preference for taste were significantly associated with LUTS including voiding symptom, storage symptom and nocturia. Both higher and lower intake of sodium could be unfavorable factor for severity of LUTS.

The Correlation amongst Salty Taste Preference and Overactive Bladder Symptoms in Female Individuals

“…The International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) applied in our previous work confirmed that sodium intake and storage symptom were correlated in male [ 12 ]. More specifically, unlike the group with neutral sodium predilection, the group with a predilection for salty taste demonstrated a significant correlation not only with elevated IPSS total score (Coef = 0.31; 95% CI: 0.27, 0.35), but also heightened risk of serious IPSS grade (OR = 1.46; 95% CI:1.35, 1.57), heightened IPSS voiding score (Coef = 0.38; 95% CI: 0.32, 0.44), heightened IPSS storage score (Coef = 0.25; 95% CI: 0.22, 0.29), as well as being more likely to develop symptoms of IPSS nocturia (OR = 1.21; 95% CI:1.16, 1.27).…”

“…A possible correlation between sodium intake and LUTS, particularly overactive bladder (OAB) and other storage symptoms, has been signalled by earlier our research [ 12 ]. Moreover, evidence has been produced regarding a close association between a predilection for salty taste and LUTS, such as voiding and storage symptoms and nocturia, with sodium being a risk factor for LUTS seriousness in both excessive and deficient amount [ 12 ]. However, this correlation has so far not been investigated in the case of female subjects.…”