Association Between Statin Use and Depressive Symptoms in a Large Community-Dwelling Older Population Living in Australia and the USA: A Cross-Sectional Study

Agustini, Bruno; Mohebbi, Mohammadreza; Woods, Robyn L.; McNeil, John J; Nelson, Mark; Shah, Raj C.; Murray, Anne M.; Ernst, Michael E.; Reid, Christopher M.; Tonkin, Andrew; Lockery, Jessica E.; Berk, Michael

doi:10.1007/s40263-019-00633-3

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The remaining studies involved elderly participants. Outcomes based on a Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) or a Centre for Epidemiologic Studies – Depression (CES-D) score above threshold for diagnosis of depression were reported in three studies with conflicting results: one showed a decreased prevalence of depression in statin users ( N = 2,804, OR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.52–0.97) ( 101 ), another reported no difference in prevalence among South Asian and African-Caribbean statin users ( N = 695, OR = 1.67, 95% CI = 0.97–2.88) nor White Europeans ( N = 638, OR = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.26–1.13) ( 103 ) though a significant ethnicity-statin interaction ( P = 0.041), while a further study in 19,114 elderly community-dwelling participants found no association (OR = 1.09, 95% CI = 0.98–1.20) ( 99 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Statins in Depression: An Evidence-Based Overview of Mechanisms and Clinical Studies

et al. 2021

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Background: Depression is a leading cause of disability, burdened by high levels of non-response to conventional antidepressants. Novel therapeutic strategies targeting non-monoaminergic pathways are sorely needed. The widely available and safe statins have several putative mechanisms of action, especially anti-inflammatory, which make them ideal candidates for repurposing in the treatment of depression. A large number of articles has been published on this topic. The aim of this study is to assess this literature according to evidence-based medicine principles to inform clinical practise and research.Methods: We performed a systematic review of the electronic databases MEDLINE, CENTRAL, Web of Science, CINAHL, and ClinicalTrials.gov, and an unstructured Google Scholar and manual search, until the 9th of April 2021, for all types of clinical studies assessing the effects of statins in depression.Results: Seventy-two studies were retrieved that investigated the effects of statins on the risk of developing depression or on depressive symptoms in both depressed and non-depressed populations. Fifteen studies specifically addressed the effects of statins on inflammatory-related symptoms of anhedonia, psychomotor retardation, anxiety, and sleep disturbances in depression. Most studies suggested a positive effect of statins on the occurrence and severity of depression, with fewer studies showing no effect, while a minority indicated some negative effects.Limitations: We provide a narrative report on all the included studies but did not perform any quantitative analysis, which limits the strength of our conclusions.Conclusions: Robust evidence indicates that statins are unlikely to lead to depressive symptoms in the general population. Promising data suggest a potential role for statins in the treatment of depression. Further clinical studies are needed, especially in specific subgroups of patients identified by pre-treatment assessments of inflammatory and lipid profiles.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Statins in Depression: An Evidence-Based Overview of Mechanisms and Clinical Studies

et al. 2021

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“…Presence of probable depression (CES-D-10 score ≥ 10) and probable anxiety (GAD-7 score ≥ 5) were used as dependent variables. In line with many published studies, we dichotomized scores of the CES-D-10 and GAD-7 and used logistic regression models to investigate factors associated with probable depression and probable anxiety [46][47][48]. Two-level logistic regression models (level 1: towns/communities, level 2: individual older PLWH) were fit to analyze factors associated with the dependent variables.…”

Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between social capital and mental health among older people living with HIV: the Sichuan Older HIV-Infected Cohort Study (SOHICS)

et al. 2020

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Background: Mental health problems are common among older people living with HIV and associated with poorer health outcomes. Social capital is an important determinant of mental health problems but under-studied in this population. This study investigated the association between social capital and mental health problems among older people living with HIV in China. Methods: The study was based on the baseline data of a cohort study investigating mental health among older people living with HIV in Sichuan, China during November 2018 to February 2019. Participants were people living with HIV aged ≥50 years living in Sichuan province. Stratified multi-stage cluster sampling was used to recruit participants from 30 communities/towns; 529 out of 556 participants being approached completed the face-to-face interview. Social capital was measured by two validated health-related social capital scales: the Individual and Family scale and the Community and Society scale. Presence of probable depression (CES-D-10 score ≥ 10) and probable anxiety (GAD-7 score ≥ 5) were used as dependent variables. Two-level logistic regression models were applied to examine the association between social capital and probable depression/anxiety. Results: The prevalence of probable depression and probable anxiety was 25.9% (137/529) and 36.3% (192/529), respectively. After adjusting for significant covariates, the individual/family level of social capital was inversely associated with both probable depression (odds ratios (OR): 0.89, 95% CI: 0.84-0.93, p < 0.001) and probable anxiety (OR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.86-0.95, p < 0.001). The community/society level social capital was associated with probable depression (OR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.84-0.99, p < 0.001) but not probable anxiety (p > 0.05).

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“…In the study of Alghamdi et al [14], the depression rate was increased in patients who used statin and PCSK9 inhibitor treatment. Agustini et al [15] followed patients using statins in terms of depression and concluded that the issue should be managed pharmaco-epidemiologically due to the increased depression rate. In a Danish study conducted with 193,977 statin users by Ole Köhler-Forsberg et al [16], the relationship between the agent and depression was unclear and statin use was not a risk factor.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depression prevalence among diabetic patients and comparison of demographics and complications

Işık¹,

Akın²

2021

Journal of Surgery and Medicine

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Association Between Statin Use and Depressive Symptoms in a Large Community-Dwelling Older Population Living in Australia and the USA: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract: All authors actively participated in designing the current study. BA and MM performed the data analysis. BA drafted the manuscript that has been read, edited and approved by all co-authors.

Cited by 9 publications

References 48 publications

Statins in Depression: An Evidence-Based Overview of Mechanisms and Clinical Studies

Statins in Depression: An Evidence-Based Overview of Mechanisms and Clinical Studies

Association between social capital and mental health among older people living with HIV: the Sichuan Older HIV-Infected Cohort Study (SOHICS)

Depression prevalence among diabetic patients and comparison of demographics and complications

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