Association between tax structure and cigarette consumption: findings from the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation (ITC) Project

Shang, Ce; Lee, Hye Myung; Chaloupka, Frank J.; Fong, Geoffrey T.; Thompson, Mary E.; O’Connor, Richard J.

doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2017-054160

Cited by 27 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…If traced back, the amount of cigarette consumption certainly has a positive correlation with the development of the cigarette industry in the country. The development of the cigarette industry would be good news for workers in the tobacco industry and for tobacco farmers as the main cigarette providers (Shang, et al, 2019). Nevertheless, cigarette consumption has a consequence that is not light to health problems.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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2020

UJPH

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This research aims to analyze aspects of demand, costs and benefits of tobacco products in Indonesia and several other ASEAN countries (such as: Brunei, Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam). The research approach used is descriptive comparative analysis and quantitative analysis to examine the relationship between demand factors and cost factors with explanatory variables, namely: price level, amount of excise, government revenue and cross-country specific factors. The descriptive approach is carried out by analyzing secondary data from the results of previous research studies. While the quantitative approach is done using standard regression analysis and instrument variable approach. The results of the study indicate that among ASEAN countries, Indonesia is known as the country with the highest rate of smoking prevalence for adult men (67 percent). The results showed that a one percent price increase would reduce the prevalence to around 0.27 percent (significance at 1%). Meanwhile the increase in prevalence will increase costs by an average of 14.71 million US dollars (significance at 5%). That is, the higher the state revenue from cigarette excise, the higher the costs to be borne. These results further strengthen the urgency of tobacco control in Indonesia.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Externality in the form of health implications for passive and fetal smokers is debated because the type of externality should be considered in individual decisions in smoking. In other words, the implications of externality that appear may not be as large as expected (Shang, et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

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2020

UJPH

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“…We also assumed an average weight of 0.75 g for RYO cigarettes, although variation has been documented in reported weights between EU countries 28. Finally, we could not assess changes in market share or shifts in individual choice of brands, nor could we take account of illicit tobacco products, although these comprise a small share of the EU market, contrary to what might be assumed given the strenuous efforts by the TI to exaggerate it as part of their argument against tax rises 8 16 55. Similarly, we could not assess affordability, so price increases might not reduce affordability 38.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Analysis of tobacco industry pricing strategies in 23 European Union countries using commercial pricing data

et al. 2019

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BackgroundThe tobacco industry (TI) can act to undermine the impact of tobacco tax increases by adopting various pricing strategies. Little is known about strategies used across the European Union (EU), except for the UK.AimTo examine pricing strategies adopted by the TI in the EU, and whether they differ by cigarette price segment, or between manufactured and roll-your-own (RYO) cigarettes.MethodsThis is a longitudinal analysis of commercial pricing data for manufactured and RYO cigarettes from 23 EU countries in 2006–2017. Price and revenue trends were explored. Linear regression estimated the average annual change in revenue, and linear fixed-effects panel regression models were used to explore the association between changes in median revenue (net of tax and adjusted for inflation) and tax increases in different price segments of manufactured cigarettes.ResultsOver the 11-year period price gaps were observed in all countries. The average annual adjusted median net revenue per pack increased in 19 of 23 countries for manufactured and RYO cigarettes. A tax increase was associated with a significant decrease of −€0.09 in adjusted median net revenue per pack (95% CI −0.16 to −0.03) in the cheap cigarette price segment, while no change was detected in the expensive cigarette price segment (−€0.05, 95% CI −0.11 to 0.01).ConclusionAcross the EU, pricing strategies adopted by the TI maintained or increased price gaps and retained cheaper tobacco products in the market, diminishing the impact of tobacco tax increases. Further strengthening of tobacco taxation policy is needed to maximise public health impact.

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“…A recent analysis of survey data from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Policy Evaluation Project confirms the benefit of uniform and specific (eg excise) over tiered and ad valorem (based on tobacco value taxation). 5…”

Section: News From the Iaslc Tobacco Control Committeementioning

confidence: 99%

In This Issue/Research Watch/News-in-Brief/News from the IASLC Tobacco Control Committee

2018

Journal of Thoracic Oncology

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(>1%), advanced NSCLC. Lack of efficacy after treating 11 of 25 planned patients led to termination of study enrollment. The treatment naïve group accounted for 82% of trial patients, 64% had sensitizing EGFR mutations, and 73% had PD-L1 expression >50%. The objective response found in one patient (ORR ¼ 9%) was later confirmed to be independent of EGFR mutation. No new drug-related adverse events with pembrolizumab, while 2 deaths within 6 months of enrollment were of concern. Taken together, the authors concluded that pembrolizumab is not appropriate for the treatment of patients with advanced NSCLC, who are TKI naive, EGFR-mutation positive, and PD-L1 positive. (p.

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Association between tax structure and cigarette consumption: findings from the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation (ITC) Project

Cited by 27 publications

References 8 publications

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Analysis of tobacco industry pricing strategies in 23 European Union countries using commercial pricing data

In This Issue/Research Watch/News-in-Brief/News from the IASLC Tobacco Control Committee

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