Association between testicular microlithiasis and primary malignancy of the testis: our experience and review of the literature

Parenti, G; Zago, Silvia; Lusa, M.; Campioni, Paolo; Mannella, Paolo

doi:10.1007/s11547-007-0165-1

Cited by 21 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(85 reference statements)

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“…[14,24,25] Testicular micro-lithiasis discovered is of interest since there are described to be associated with cryptorchidism, isolated testicular atrophy, Klinefelter syndrome and cancers. [26] These children should be regularly monitored to exclude any kind of tumours. Scrotal Doppler ultrasound confirmed diagnosis of varicocele and led to peculiar seat of the phenomena like upper edge of the testis and in subalbuginea.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasound diagnosis of varicocele in the adolescent: Our experience from Benin

Fiogbe¹,

Alao²,

Biaou³

et al. 2013

Afr J Paediatr Surg

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasound diagnosis of varicocele in the adolescent: Our experience from Benin

Fiogbe¹,

Alao²,

Biaou³

et al. 2013

Afr J Paediatr Surg

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“…Microlithiasis is gaining acceptance as a risk factor for sporadic testicular cancer (Parenti et al 2007), although its precise role in this context has yet to be fully defined (DeCastro et al 2008). Its potential contribution to FTGCT has been reported recently by both UK (Coffey et al 2007) and US (Korde et al 2008) investigators.…”

Section: What Is the Ftgct Phenotype?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Familial testicular germ cell tumors in adults: 2010 summary of genetic risk factors and clinical phenotype

Greene¹,

Kratz²,

Phuong³

et al. 2010

Endocrine-Related Cancer

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Familial aggregations of testicular germ cell tumor (FTGCT) have been well described, suggesting the existence of a hereditary TGCT subset. Approximately 1.4% of newly diagnosed TGCT patients report a positive family history of TGCT. Sons and siblings of TGCT patients have four- to sixfold and eight- to tenfold increases in TGCT risk respectively. Segregation analyses suggest an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. Linkage analyses have identified several genomic regions of modest interest, although no high-penetrance cancer susceptibility gene has been mapped yet. These data suggest that the combined effects of multiple common alleles, each conferring modest risk, might underlie familial testicular cancer. Families display a mild phenotype: the most common number of affected families is 2. Age at diagnosis is 2–3 years younger for familial versus sporadic cases. The ratio of familial seminoma to nonseminoma is 1.0. FTGCT is more likely to be bilateral than sporadic TGCT. This syndrome is cancer site specific. Testicular microlithiasis is a newly recognized FTGCT component. Candidate gene-association studies have implicated the Y chromosome gr/gr deletion and PDE11A gene mutations as genetic modifiers of FTGCT risk. Two genomewide association studies of predominantly sporadic but also familial cases of TGCT have implicated the KIT-ligand, SPRY4, and BAK1 genes as TGCT risk modifiers. All five loci are involved in normal testicular development and/or male infertility. These genetic data provide a novel insight into the genetic basis of FTGCT, and an invaluable guide to future TGCT research.

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“…25 mRI has been investigated as an imaging tool for the testis but more evidence is required and it is unlikely to replace ultrasonography, particularly as a first-line investigation. 26 …”

Section: Key Pointsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organ-sparing approaches for testicular masses

2010

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Organ-sparing approaches are currently practiced in urology for many malignancies. Partial orchiectomy of germ cell tumors (GCT) provides potential benefits over radical surgery by reducing the need for androgen substitution, lessening psychological stress, and preserving fertility, with a durable cure rate. Furthermore, many testicular lesions detected clinically or by ultrasonography will be benign, in which case radical orchiectomy represents overtreatment. Partial orchiectomy for benign lesions allows preservation of endocrine and exocrine function, and reduced risk of local recurrence. However, selection criteria are not clear and one must always be suspicious that a GCT might exist. Carcinoma in situ that remains in the salvaged testicle is a challenge to treat. Radiation therapy is an option, although there is a high chance that patients will subsequently require hormonal replacement. Partial orchiectomy should be undertaken only in selected patients--men with bilateral testicular cancer or GCT in a solitary testis--if the size and location of the mass are amenable to surgery. Informed patient consent discussing radical orchiectomy as the gold standard is mandatory, and discussion of the risks associated with CIS and its treatment, as well as the need for androgen supplementation are paramount. Alternative strategies of organ preservation, such as radiotherapy, HIFU and chemotherapy, might be appropriate treatment options in the future. However, the safety and efficacy of these procedures needs to be demonstrated in comparison with partial orchiectomy in larger and prospective studies with longer follow-up.

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Association between testicular microlithiasis and primary malignancy of the testis: our experience and review of the literature

Cited by 21 publications

References 35 publications

Ultrasound diagnosis of varicocele in the adolescent: Our experience from Benin

Ultrasound diagnosis of varicocele in the adolescent: Our experience from Benin

Familial testicular germ cell tumors in adults: 2010 summary of genetic risk factors and clinical phenotype

Organ-sparing approaches for testicular masses

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