Association Between the Asymmetric Dimethylarginine Levels and Glaucoma Severity: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the LIGHT Study

Abstract

PURPOSE.Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), a potent endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, may be involved in the pathophysiology of glaucoma by dysfunctioning nitric oxide and oxidative stress. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the serum ADMA level is associated with the severity of glaucoma. METHODS.One hundred twenty-five patients with glaucoma (mean age 69.4 years) were analyzed in this cross-sectional study. The severity of glaucoma was determined by the visual field mean deviation in the worse eye; severe, a mean deviation ≤ −12 dB; and mild, a mean deviation > −12 dB. The serum ADMA levels were classified into three groups according to tertiles; low (T1), intermediate (T2), and high group (T3). RESULTS.The mean serum ADMA levels in the severe glaucoma group was significantly higher than that in the mild glaucoma group (0.41 vs. 0.39 μmol/L; P = 0.031). A significantly higher prevalence of patients with severe glaucoma was found in the T3 group than that in the T1 group (T1, 44.7% and T3, 68.2%; P = 0.018). In the multivariable logistic regression analysis adjusted for the potential confounders, e.g., age, sex, obesity, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, and renal function, the odds ratio for severe glaucoma in the T3 group was significantly higher than that in the T1 group (odds ratio 3.02; 95% confidence interval 1.04 to 8.79; P = 0.043). CONCLUSIONS.A significant association between higher serum ADMA levels and severe glaucoma was found, and this association remained significant after adjusting for the potential confounders.

New insight of metabolomics in ocular diseases in the context of 3P medicine

“…Javadiyan et al analyzed the serum samples of 211 glaucoma patients and 295 controls via LC–MS/MS, targeting ADMA, symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), and L-arginine levels [ 44 ]. A significant increase in both serum ADMA and SDMA concentration was detected in advanced glaucoma, supporting the association between increased level of ADMA and SDMA and glaucoma severity [ 106 , 107 ]. These results further support the potential of NO as a drug target for glaucoma [ 108 ], which was applied in a recent clinical trial [ 109 ].…”

Chronic Antioxidant Capacity Loss in Anterior Chamber Environment After Iridectomy

“…The antioxidant environment associated with ascorbic acid and TAC in the aqueous humor is altered after iridectomy and trabeculectomy. There have been reports that focused on oxidative stress and glaucoma, including serum oxidative stress level, 28 , 29 damage to retinal neurons, 30 retinal ganglion cell death, 31 glaucoma severity, 32 and supplements for glaucoma, 33 although no studies have examined oxidative stress levels after trabeculectomy. This study provides new insights related to the vulnerability in anterior chamber environment after iridectomy, focusing on antioxidant condition in aqueous humor.…”

A Look into Ocular Diseases: The Pivotal Role of Omics Sciences in Ophthalmology Research

“…In another work focused on the investigation of plasma samples from 34 POAG patients and 30 controls, notable changes in nicotinamide, N-acetyl- l -leucine, and arginine concentrations were observed between the two groups of patients . The LC-MS/MS analysis of serum samples from 211 glaucoma patients and 295 controls, has allowed to reveal that asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) concentrations were significantly higher in serum samples of patients with glaucoma at an advanced level, thus supporting a possible relationship between elevated ADMA and SDMA levels and glaucoma severity. , …”

“…107 The LC-MS/MS analysis of serum samples from 211 glaucoma patients and 295 controls, has allowed to reveal that asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) concentrations were significantly higher in serum samples of patients with glaucoma at an advanced level, 108 thus supporting a possible relationship between elevated ADMA and SDMA levels and glaucoma severity. 109,110 Early diagnosis is fundamental for people affected by diabetes in order to assess their predisposition to develop diabetic retinopathy. Metabolomics data obtained from vitreous fluid samples from 9 patients with DR and 9 nondiabetic controls showed a decrease in downstream metabolites of glycolysis, specifically glyceraldehyde 3phosphate and 2/3-phosphoglycerate in diabetic patients.…”