Association between the density and type of trees around urban schools and exhaled nitric oxide levels in schoolchildren

Paciência, Inês; Rufo, João Cavaleiro; Ribeiro, Ana Isabel; Mendes, Francisca de Castro; Farraia, Mariana; Silva, D; Delgado, Luís; Moreira, André

doi:10.23822/eurannaci.1764-1489.162

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…As mentioned previously, COVID-19 severity has been linked to air pollution and weaker immune systems, which may cause high-risk individuals to experience worse conditions from the virus inducing a cytokine storm and further damaging tissue ( Qin et al, 2020 ; Wu et al, 2020 ). In contrast, greenspace exposure has been linked to reduced air pollution and improved immune functioning capacity ( Dadvand et al, 2012 ; Marselle et al, 2019 ; Paciência et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Greenspace exposure and COVID-19 mortality in the United States: January–July 2020

Russette

Graham

Holden

et al. 2021

Environmental Research

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Background Mortality from the novel coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) continues to rise across the United States. Evidence is emerging that environmental factors may contribute to susceptibility to disease and mortality. Greenspace exposure promotes enhanced immunity and may protect against risk of mortality among those with COVID-19. Objectives Our objective was to determine if high county level greenspace exposure is associated with reduced risk of COVID-19 mortality. Methods Greenspace exposure was characterized in 3,049 counties across the conterminous United States using Leaf Area Index (LAI) deciles that were derived from satellite imagery via Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer from 2011-2015. COVID-19 mortality data were obtained from the Center for Systems Science and Engineering at Johns Hopkins University. We used a generalized linear mixed model to evaluate the association between county level LAI and COVID-19 mortality rate in analyses adjusted for 2015-2019 county level average total county population, older population, race, overcrowding in home, Medicaid, education, and physical inactivity. Results A dose-response association was found between greenness and reduced risk of COVID-19 mortality. COVID-19 mortality was negatively associated with LAI deciles 8 [MRR = 0.82 (95% CI: 0.72, .93)], 9 [MRR = 0.78 (95% CI: 0.68, 0.89)], and 10 [MRR = 0.59 (95% CI: 0.50, 0.69)]. Aside from LAI decile 5, no associations were found between the remaining LAI deciles and COVID-19 mortality. Increasing prevalence of counties with older age residents, low education attainment, Native Americans, Black Americans, and housing overcrowding were significantly associated with increased risk of COVID-19 mortality, whereas Medicaid prevalence was associated with a reduced risk. Discussion Counties with a higher amount of greenspace may be at a reduced risk of experiencing mortality due to COVID-19.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Greenspace exposure and COVID-19 mortality in the United States: January–July 2020

Russette

Graham

Holden

et al. 2021

Environmental Research

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“…Urban greenspaces can include urban street trees, parks, shrubs and grassy areas, as well as forests. Urban greenspaces also provide a variety of ecosystem services with human health benefits (Pretty et al 2005;Sanesi et al 2006;Park et al 2011;Barton et al 2012;Villeneuve et al 2012;Paciência et al 2020). An ecosystem service is any benefit provided by an ecosystem that holds anthropogenic societal value (Daily 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For children with attention deficit disorder, greenspace exposure can reduce attention deficit disorder symptoms (Taylor et al 2001). Greenspaces surrounding schools can impact students' respiratory health, improving lung function (Paciência et al 2019) and lung inflammation (Paciência et al 2020). Lastly, even after controlling for socioeconomic factors, schoolyard canopy cover has been positively associated with academic performance (Sivarajah et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inequality and allergenic cover of urban greenspaces surrounding public elementary schools in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

Gergel

Eskelson

2021

Ecosystems and People

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Inequality in the spatial distribution of urban greenspaces occurs globally, with greater greenspaces in neighbourhoods with higher socioeconomic status. This is problematic, as greenspaces provide numerous ecosystem services, including benefits to human health. However, greenspaces can also trigger allergenic responses, inducing negative economic, medical, and social costs. Using geospatial information, we investigated 91 elementary schools in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada to answer: (1) Does the amount and type of greenspaces and greyspaces surrounding schools vary with median household income? and (2) Does the surface area of allergenic greenspace surrounding schools vary with median household income? We characterized landcover within a 300 m radius of public elementary schools using a high spatial resolution urban landcover map of Vancouver derived from a combination of RapidEye imagery from 2014 and airborne laser scanning. Beta regression and analysis of variance models were used to explore associations between household incomes and greenspaces, as well as allergenic vegetation near schools. Schools in areas with higher median annual household incomes (>$80,000 CAD) were surrounded by an average of 14% more greenspaces and 16% less greyspaces than schools located in areas with lower household incomes (<$50,000 CAD). Schools in higher income areas were also surrounded by an average of 81% more cover of allergenic vegetation than schools in lower income areas. Greenspaces are a valuable source of ecosystem services for urban residents and should be distributed equally to optimize their benefits; however, they must be planned carefully to avoid the introduction of disservices from allergenic vegetation.

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“…Indeed, socioeconomic and racial and ethnic vulnerabilities have been associated with differences in green space availability. The presence of green urban areas may play a role in the complex biological links between the environment and airway inflammation, as well as having a beneficial effect on obesity and body fat percentage among schoolchildren . Moreover, the interaction between urban built environment factors, such as walkability, and socioeconomic disadvantages may provide insights into how sociospatial inequalities are relevant in childhood health.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Social and Physical Environment Inequalities and Childhood Health

2022

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Association between the density and type of trees around urban schools and exhaled nitric oxide levels in schoolchildren

Cited by 7 publications

References 35 publications

Greenspace exposure and COVID-19 mortality in the United States: January–July 2020

Greenspace exposure and COVID-19 mortality in the United States: January–July 2020

Inequality and allergenic cover of urban greenspaces surrounding public elementary schools in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

Social and Physical Environment Inequalities and Childhood Health

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