Association between the gut microbiome and atherosclerosis

Barrington, William; Lusis, Aldons J.

doi:10.1038/nrcardio.2017.169

Cited by 67 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Inflammation in NAFLD is most likely accelerated by alteration of the gut microbial populations [ 140 , 141 ], and is hallmarked by activation of central inflammatory pathways such as NF-κB, signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-3, and the inflammasome, resulting in increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Similar findings have been reported for atherosclerosis and CVD [ 142 , 143 ]. During its development, several stages and severities of NAFLD can be defined [ 144 ], positively correlated with both the prevalence and the incidence of CVD [ 145 ].…”

Section: Vitamin E and Risk Factors For Cardiovascular Eventssupporting

confidence: 90%

Cardiovascular and Metabolic Protection by Vitamin E: A Matter of Treatment Strategy?

Ziegler¹,

Wallert

Lorkowski

et al. 2020

Antioxidants

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Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) cause about 1/3 of global deaths. Therefore, new strategies for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular events are highly sought-after. Vitamin E is known for significant antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, and has been studied in the prevention of CVD, supported by findings that vitamin E deficiency is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events. However, randomized controlled trials in humans reveal conflicting and ultimately disappointing results regarding the reduction of cardiovascular events with vitamin E supplementation. As we discuss in detail, this outcome is strongly affected by study design, cohort selection, co-morbidities, genetic variations, age, and gender. For effective chronic primary and secondary prevention by vitamin E, oxidative and inflammatory status might not have been sufficiently antagonized. In contrast, acute administration of vitamin E may be more translatable into positive clinical outcomes. In patients with myocardial infarction (MI), which is associated with severe oxidative and inflammatory reactions, decreased plasma levels of vitamin E have been found. The offsetting of this acute vitamin E deficiency via short-term treatment in MI has shown promising results, and, thus, acute medication, rather than chronic supplementation, with vitamin E might revitalize vitamin E therapy and even provide positive clinical outcomes.

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Section: Vitamin E and Risk Factors For Cardiovascular Eventssupporting

confidence: 90%

Cardiovascular and Metabolic Protection by Vitamin E: A Matter of Treatment Strategy?

Ziegler¹,

Wallert

Lorkowski

et al. 2020

Antioxidants

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“…These findings partially support the view that BBR may at least partly improve systemic inflammation and lipid level by regulating gut bacteria related to inflammation and glucolipid metabolism, thereby reducing HFD-induced atherosclerosis. Indeed, evidence is accumulating that gut microbiota and its metabolites, such as SCFAs, TMAO, and secondary bile acids, play a role in atherosclerosis by regulating inflammation and the metabolism of lipid, cholesterol and glucose (Barrington and Lusis, 2017;Jonsson and Backhed, 2017;Kasahara et al, 2017;Ma and Li, 2018). SCFAs have anti-atherogenic effect, in addition, it can inhibit the fat synthesis in enterocytes and adipocytes, and suppress biosynthesis of cholesterol and LDL formation in the liver, besides their anti-inflammatory effects (Chistiakov et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Berberine on Atherosclerosis and Gut Microbiota Modulation and Their Correlation in High-Fat Diet-Fed ApoE−/− Mice

et al. 2020

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Atherosclerosis and its associated cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are serious threats to human health and have been reported to be associated with the gut microbiota. Recently, the role of berberine (BBR) in atherosclerosis and gut microbiota has begun to be appreciated. The purposes of this study were to observe the effects of high or low doses of BBR on atherosclerosis and gut microbiota modulation, and to explore their correlation in ApoE −/− mice fed a high-fat diet. A significant decrease in atherosclerotic lesions was observed after treatment with BBR, with the effect of the high dose being more obvious. Both BBR treatments significantly reduced total cholesterol, APOB100, and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels but levels of high/lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol and lipoprotein (a) were only reduced by high-dose BBR. Decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and increased anti-inflammatory IL-10 and adiponectin levels were observed in the high-dose BBR group, but no decrease in IL-6 or increase in IL-10 was evident using the low-dose of BBR. 16S rRNA sequencing showed that BBR significantly altered the community compositional structure of gut microbiota. Specifically, BBR enriched the abundance of Roseburia, Blautia, Allobaculum, Alistipes, and Turicibacter, and changed the abundance of Bilophila. These microbiota displayed good anti-inflammatory effects related to the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and were related to glucolipid metabolism. Alistipes and Roseburia were significantly enriched in high-dose BBR group while Blautia and Allobaculum were more enriched in low-dose, and Turicibacter was enriched in both BBR doses. Metagenomic analysis further showed an elevated potential for lipid and glycan metabolism and synthesis of SCFAs, as well as reduced potential of TMAO production after BBR treatment. The findings demonstrate that both high and low-dose BBR can improve serum lipid and systemic inflammation levels, and alleviate atherosclerosis induced by high-fat diet in ApoE −/− mice. The effects are more pronounced for the high dose. This anti-atherosclerotic effect of BBR may be partly attributed to changes in composition and functions of gut microbiota which may be associated with anti-inflammatory and metabolism of glucose and lipid. Notably, gut microbiota alterations showed different sensitivity to BBR dose.

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“…Inhibiting the inflammatory response and regulating the lipid metabolism of intestinal microorganisms can be used as strategies to delay the development of AS. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are metabolites of systemic inflammation and are associated with the expansion and rupture of AS plaques [94]; Qu can increase the concentration of SCFAs in the intestinal tract and inhibit the progression of AS [95]. A microbiome with high abundances of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria can result in atherosclerotic area [96,97]; oral administration Qu reduced the levels of atherogenic lipid metabolites by modulating the abundances of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria [98].…”

Section: Alteration Of the Gut Microbiota And Reduction Of Atherogenimentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic Potential of Quercetin as an Antiatherosclerotic Agent in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: A Review

Deng

Fang

et al. 2020

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is one of the diseases with the highest morbidity and mortality globally. It causes a huge burden on families and caregivers and high costs for medicine and surgical interventions. Given expensive surgeries and failures of most conventional treatments, medical community tries to find a more cost-effective cure. Thus, attentions have been primarily focused on food or herbs. Quercetin (Qu) extracted from food, a flavonoid component, develops potentials of alternative or complementary medicine in atherosclerosis. Due to the wide range of health benefits, researchers have considered to apply Qu as a natural compound in therapy. This review is aimed to identify the antiatherosclerosis functions of Qu in treating ASCVD such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant properties, effects on endothelium-dependent vasodilation, and blood lipid-lowering.

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Association between the gut microbiome and atherosclerosis

Cited by 67 publications

References 10 publications

Cardiovascular and Metabolic Protection by Vitamin E: A Matter of Treatment Strategy?

Cardiovascular and Metabolic Protection by Vitamin E: A Matter of Treatment Strategy?

Effect of Berberine on Atherosclerosis and Gut Microbiota Modulation and Their Correlation in High-Fat Diet-Fed ApoE−/− Mice

Therapeutic Potential of Quercetin as an Antiatherosclerotic Agent in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: A Review

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