Association Between the Oklahoma Salamander (Eurycea Tynerensis) and Ordovician-Silurian Strata

Tumlison, Renn; Cline, George R.

doi:10.1894/0038-4909(2003)048<0093:abtose>2.0.co;2

Cited by 8 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…6b), and we find a strong association between life history and steam substrate. This is consistent with previous analyses of stream substrate parameters and alternative life history modes of E. tynerensis (Bonett and Chippindale 2006;Tumlison and Cline 2003). Paedomorphic E. tynerensis require a permanently aquatic environment and inhabit streams with gravel beds composed of coarse Ordovician/Silurian chert rock (Bonett and Chippindale 2006;Tumlison and Cline 2003).…”

Section: Distribution Of Life History Variationsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…However, recent phylogenetic analyses showed a well supported clade which includes E. tynerensis (paedomorphic individuals) and E. m. griseogaster (metamorphic individuals); yet neither taxon is itself monophyletic, and many adjacent populations of metamorphic and paedomorphic individuals are genetically identical based on mitochondrial DNA (Bonett and Chippindale 2004). Paedomorphosis occurs in multiple populations within this species and each life history mode is associated with distinctly different types of habitat (Tumlison and Cline 2003;Bonett andChippindale 2004, 2006). The low dispersal abilities (resulting in regional genetic divergence), combined with evidence of repeated, adapted trait evolution, make this an ideal system for examining the conservation of genetic diversity and alternative life history modes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Only paedomorphic individuals in the western Ozark Plateau were considered to be E. tynerensis, while metamorphic individuals were considered to be part of a more widespread species, E. multiplicata (specifically the Ozark subspecies E. m. griseogaster). Consequently, conservation attention focused only on the paedomorphic populations Tumlison 1997, 2001;Tumlison et al 1990b;Tumlison and Cline 2003), which were given special conservation status (Near Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List and a Species of Special Concern by the states of Arkansas and Oklahoma ;Bonett 2005;IUCN 2008;ODWC 2009). However, recent phylogenetic analyses showed a well supported clade which includes E. tynerensis (paedomorphic individuals) and E. m. griseogaster (metamorphic individuals); yet neither taxon is itself monophyletic, and many adjacent populations of metamorphic and paedomorphic individuals are genetically identical based on mitochondrial DNA (Bonett and Chippindale 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Considering alternative life history modes and genetic divergence in conservation: a case study of the Oklahoma salamander

Emel

Bonett

2011

Conserv Genet

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Alternative life history strategies can provide important variation for the long-term persistence of a lineage. However, conservation of such lineages can be complicated because each life history mode may have different habitat requirements and may be vulnerable to different environmental perturbations. The Oklahoma salamander (Eurycea tynerensis) is endemic to the Ozark Plateau of North America, and has two discrete life history modes, biphasic (metamorphic) and aquatic (paedomorphic). Until recently, these modes were considered separate species and conservation attention focused only on paedomorphic populations. We perform phylogenetic analyses of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome b (Cytb) and nuclear gene proopiomelanocortin (POMC) to assess patterns of historical isolation in E. tynerensis, and test whether life history mode is randomly distributed with respect to the phylogeny and geography. We find three divergent Cytb lineages and significant shifts in POMC allele frequencies between the eastern, western, and southwestern portions of the distribution. Life history mode varies extensively, but paedomorphosis is largely restricted to the widespread western clade. Therefore, the two most divergent and narrowly distributed clades (southwestern and eastern) were previously overlooked due to their metamorphic life history. Paedomorphosis has allowed E. tynerensis to drastically increase its niche breadth and distribution size. Nevertheless, metamorphosis is also an important attribute, and metamorphic populations are the ultimate source for paedomorphic evolution. Preservation of divergent genetic lineages, and regions that include adjacent habitat for both life history modes, may be the most effective way to maintain historical and adaptive variation and provide gateways for ongoing life history evolution.

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Section: Distribution Of Life History Variationsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Considering alternative life history modes and genetic divergence in conservation: a case study of the Oklahoma salamander

Emel

Bonett

2011

Conserv Genet

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“…1). E. tynerensis occurs in the chert gravel‐bottom habitats of the western Ozarks, and is considered a distinct species because it is thought to be strictly paedomorphic (Petranka 1998; Tumlinson & Cline 2003). Curiously, the entire distribution of E. tynerensis is contained within that of E. m. griseogaster , suggesting that they may be broadly sympatric, but in nearly all localities only one ‘species’ is present.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Speciation, phylogeography and evolution of life history and morphology in plethodontid salamanders of the Eurycea multiplicata complex

Bonett

Chippindale

2004

Molecular Ecology

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Understanding the complex interactions among environment, genotype and ontogeny in determining organismal phenotypes is cental to many biological disciplines. The Eurycea multiplicata complex, endemic to the Interior Highlands (Ozark Plateau and Ouachita Mountains) of eastern North America, comprises a diverse radiation of paedomorphic surface-dwelling (E. tynerensis), metamorphic surface-dwelling (E. multiplicata multiplicata and E. m. griseogaster) and metamorphic subterranean (Typhlotriton spelaeus) hemidactyliine plethodontid salamanders. Portions of two mitochondrial genes, cytochrome-b and NADH dehydrogenase-4, totalling 1818 base pairs (bp) were sequenced for 70 ingroup individuals plus numerous outgroup taxa, to examine the biogeography and relationships among these morphologically disparate species. Results show the E. multiplicata complex to be monophyletic, with its two most divergent clades corresponding to geography, not morphology or life history. Transforming surface-dwelling populations from the Ouachitas (E. m. multiplicata) are sister to the Ozark taxa, including paedomorphic surface-dwelling (E. tynerensis), subterranean (T. spelaeus) and transforming surface-dwelling salamanders assigned to the 'subspecies'E. m. griseogaster. Among Ozark taxa T. spelaeus (deeply nested within Eurycea) is sister to a clade that includes E. m. griseogaster and E. tynerensis. Current taxonomy suggests that paedomorphic populations (E. tynerensis) from the western Ozarks are distinct from nearby transforming populations (E. m. griseogaster). However, paedomorphic and transforming salamanders do not form reciprocally monophyletic groups and many populations share almost identical haplotypes. Ancestral state reconstruction of life history traits shows that paedomorphosis arose independently from three to nine times. Most populations are either completely paedomorphic or completely transforming. This suggests that local habitat parameters strongly influence life history mode in this complex, either facultatively or by selection for particular genotypes.

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“…Smaller streambed particles could fill in the spaces underneath rocks, embedding them and leaving no area available for Hellbenders to occupy. Stream embeddedness has been negatively associated with the presence of other species of salamanders (Tumlinson and Cline, 2003). Conversely, boulders or large cobble may leave too much space available beneath shelter rocks, leaving Hellbenders with reduced protection from stream flow, predators, and con-specifics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hellbender Salamanders (Cryptobranchus alleganiensis) Exhibit an Ontogenetic Shift in Microhabitat Use in a Blue Ridge Physiographic Region Stream

Hecht

Freake

Nickerson

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Organisms that experience large changes in body size during the life span often exhibit differences in resource use among life stages. Ontogenetic shifts in habitat use reduce intraspecific competition and predation and are common in lotic organisms. Although information on the immature life stages of the Hellbender (Cryptobranchus alleganiensis) is limited, this aquatic salamander exhibits ontogenetic shifts in habitat use in some streams, with adults sheltering under large rocks and larvae utilizing interstitial spaces of gravel beds. Due to the geomorphology of Little River, Tennessee, however, limited interstitial spaces within the gravel are filled with sand. Therefore, we quantified microhabitat parameters for three life stages of Hellbenders (larvae, sub-adult, adult) to determine if an ontogenetic shift in microhabitat occurred in Little River. We found no significant differences in stream substrate at capture sites among the stages, but there was a positive correlation between rock shelters underlain with very coarse gravel and overall Hellbender occupancy. Although we found no difference in water quality parameters and streambed particle size among the stage classes at the sites of capture, there was a significant difference in the average shelter size among all stages, with larvae utilizing the smallest shelters. Based on these results, future Hellbender research and conservation efforts should consider differences in life stage habitat use as well as specific stream particle classes.

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Association Between the Oklahoma Salamander (Eurycea Tynerensis) and Ordovician-Silurian Strata

Cited by 8 publications

References 6 publications

Considering alternative life history modes and genetic divergence in conservation: a case study of the Oklahoma salamander

Considering alternative life history modes and genetic divergence in conservation: a case study of the Oklahoma salamander

Speciation, phylogeography and evolution of life history and morphology in plethodontid salamanders of the Eurycea multiplicata complex

Hellbender Salamanders (Cryptobranchus alleganiensis) Exhibit an Ontogenetic Shift in Microhabitat Use in a Blue Ridge Physiographic Region Stream

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