Association between the prudent dietary pattern and blood pressure in Chinese adults is partially mediated by body composition

Population aging is a global demographic characteristic of the 21st century, and healthy eating is a core component of healthy aging. However, limited evidence is available among older adults for associations between diet quality and circadian syndrome (CircS). Thus, this study examined associations between dietary patterns and CircS among a representative sample of middle-older adults in the US. The sample comprised middle-older adults enrolled in the 2016 core wave of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and one of its sub-studies, the 2013 Health Care and Nutrition Study (HCNS). A food frequency questionnaire was used to quantify habitual food intake and identify dietary patterns using a factor analysis. CircS was defined based on the existence of ≥4 components of metabolic syndrome and indicators of sleep disorders and depression. A total of 4253 middle-older adults with a mean age (SD) of 65.4 (10.0) years were included in the study. The prevalence of CircS was 35.9%. Comparing extreme quartiles of the “Prudent Pattern”, the odds ratio (95% CI) for CircS was 0.72 (0.55–0.94), and it was 1.47 (1.10–1.95) for the “Western Pattern”. The “Western Pattern” was positively associated while the “Prudent Pattern” was inversely associated with the odds of CircS among middle-older adults.

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Circadian Syndrome Is Associated with Dietary Patterns among Middle-Older Americans: The Health and Retirement Study

Aljahdali,

Shi

2024

“…Finally, the Healthy-Economic DP had a reduced caloric contribution (2624 kcal/day) while exhibiting the highest intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (22.65 g/day, p = 0.001) and total dietary cholesterol (383.52 mg/day, p = 0.01) ( Table 3 ). The healthy DP, also known as prudent, has been commonly described in various populations [ 29 , 30 , 31 ] and has been associated with the prevention of CVD and MetS [ 7 , 24 ]. However, in the present results, the adherence to this DP did not show an association with a lower prevalence of overweight or obesity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Dietary Patterns with Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Mexican Adults: Insights from a Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study

Vázquez-Aguilar,

Rueda-Robles,

Rivas-García

et al. 2024

Dietary patterns (DPs) are an essential tool to analyze the relationship between diet and health as they have presented an association with the incidence of chronic non-communicable diseases. Therefore, the aim of this study was the identification and characterization of DPs and their association with cardiovascular risk factors. For this purpose, a cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in 165 Mexican adults, including dietary intakes derived from a validated food frequency questionnaire, clinical history, anthropometry, and biochemical biomarkers using standardized procedures for glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-c, and HDL-c. DPs were identified through principal component analysis and ordinal logistic regression was used to examine associations between DPs and cardiovascular disease risk factors. Three DPs were identified: Mexican Fast-Food, Variety-Food, and Healthy-Economic, with a high prevalence of overweight and obesity (78%). Having a high adherence to a Mexican Fast-Food pattern (OR 1.71 CI 1.4–2.8), being sedentary (OR 4.85 2.32–10.15) and smoking (0R 6.4 CI 2.40–16.9) increased the risk of having a high scale of risk factors (four or more risk factors simultaneously). In conclusion, the Mexican Fast-Food pattern showed an increase in the risk of having multiple risk factors, while a sedentary lifestyle and overeating were largely responsible for the prevalence of overweight and obesity in this group of Mexican adults.

Dietary Patterns and Fibre Intake Are Associated with Disease Activity in Australian Adults with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: An Exploratory Dietary Pattern Analysis

Cosier,

Lambert,

Charlton

et al. 2024

Background: Few studies have explored the relationship between habitual dietary patterns and disease activity in people with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). This cross-sectional study explored the association between dietary patterns and clinical and objective markers of inflammation in adults from the Australian IBD Microbiome Study. Methods: Dietary patterns were derived using principal component analysis (PCA) of baseline food frequency questionnaire data. Food intake was quantified using 3-day food record data. Associations between dietary intake and both clinical disease activity index (CDAI) and faecal calprotectin (FCP) were analysed. Results: Participants included 412 adults (IBD = 223, Healthy controls (HC) = 189). Both cohorts consumed poor-quality diets with inadequate servings of most food groups compared to Australian reference standards. IBD participants without FCP inflammation had significantly higher fibre intake than those with moderate FCP. In the Crohn’s Disease group, high adherence to ‘High plant diversity’ and ‘Meat eaters’ dietary patterns were associated with increased CDAI and FCP, respectively. In the combined IBD cohort, high adherence to a ‘Vegan-style’ dietary pattern was associated with increased FCP. Conclusions: There is a need for dietary modifications among Australian adults, both with and without IBD, to improve dietary fibre intake and adherence to dietary guidelines. Dietary patterns characterised by a high intake of plant foods or meat products were both positively associated with indicators of active IBD. It is possible that some participants with active IBD were modifying their diet to try to manage their disease and reduce symptoms, contributing to the association between healthier dietary patterns and active disease. Further clinical and longitudinal studies are needed to expand upon the findings. This study offers a unique contribution by utilising FCP as an objective marker of intestinal inflammation and applying dietary pattern analysis to investigate the relationship between diet and inflammatory markers.