Association between the Trail Making Test and physical performance in elderly Japanese

Hirota, Chika; Watanabe, Misuzu; Sun, Wei; Tanimoto, Yoshimi; Kono, Rei; Takasaki, Kyosuke; Kono, Koichi

doi:10.1111/j.1447-0594.2009.00557.x

Cited by 49 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…These results support previous studies in the field (Ble et al, 2005; Coppin et al, 2006; Hirota et al, 2010; Hobert et al, 2011; Killane et al, 2014) Accordingly, for the CWP, the absolute values of single- and dual-task performances revealed group differences similar to the observed differences on SWP.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…A study by Lowry found that cognitive flexibility was related to the number of steps performed in a single-task Figure-of-8 Walk Test (F8WT) (Lowry et al, 2012), whereas another study found no associations between cognitive flexibility and the F8WT (Odonkor et al, 2013). Some studies have found that cognitive flexibility is associated with gait speed in dual tasking among older people, especially for walking paths with increasing complexity that are more cognitively demanding (Ble et al, 2005; Coppin et al, 2006; Hirota et al, 2010; Hobert et al, 2011; Killane et al, 2014). Taken together, there is (i) very limited knowledge about the influence of different walking situations on prioritization strategies, and (ii) evidence that cognitive flexibility is associated with prioritization strategies and thus cognitive flexibility seems a promising marker to investigate prioritization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evidence for a Selectively Regulated Prioritization Shift Depending on Walking Situations in Older Adults

Salkovic

Hobert

Bellut

et al. 2017

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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Background: Older adults have increased risks of balance issues and falls when walking and performing turns in daily situations. Changes of prioritization during different walking situations associated with dual tasking may contribute to these deficits. The objective of this study was therefore to investigate whether older adults demonstrate changes of prioritization during different walking paths.Methods: In total, 1,054 subjects with an age range from 50 to 83 years were selected from the first follow-up visit of the TREND (Tuebinger evaluation of Risk factors for Early detection of Neurodegenerative Disorders) study. They were classified according to their performance on the Trail Making Test (TMT) into good and poor TMT performers (based on recent results showing that cognitive flexibility affects prioritization strategies during straight walking). Absolute dual-task performance and relative dual-task costs (DTC, relative performance under dual-task conditions compared with single-task conditions) were assessed in two paradigms: walking while subtracting serial 7 s and walking while checking boxes on a clipboard. Both tasks were performed on straight and curved paths.Results: Overall, the poor TMT performers group performed worse in all single and dual tasks. Interestingly, the relative change in performance measured by dual-task costs differed in the groups between the two walking paths. On straight paths, poor TMT performers had a similar DTC of walking to that of good performers (p = 0.10) but had a significantly lower DTC of subtracting (p = 0.02). On curved paths, poor performers had a similar DTC of subtracting (p = 0.10), but their DTC of walking was significantly higher (p < 0.0001).Conclusion: Given that walking on curved paths is considered more difficult than that on straight paths and that the serial subtracting dual task is more difficult than the box checking dual task, this study in older adults provides evidence for the existence of a (walking) situation-dependent change of prioritization. If confirmed in other studies, situation-dependent change of prioritization should be included as a potential factor contributing to gait and balance impairments, and increased fall risk in older adults.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for a Selectively Regulated Prioritization Shift Depending on Walking Situations in Older Adults

Salkovic

Hobert

Bellut

et al. 2017

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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“…However, we could not confirm the type of dementia, such as Alzheimer or Lewy body dementia. We also could not determine the severity of dementia because our administrative [34]. Therefore, our identification using the ICD-10 code may have underestimated the number of elderly patients with dementia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Effect of dementia on outcomes of elderly patients with hemorrhagic peptic ulcer disease based on a national administrative database

et al. 2015

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“…The HVLT-R is a learning and memory test, in which the patient was asked to learn and recall a list of 12 words over three trials [18]. The TMT is a measure of graphomotor speed and set-shifting to measure the executive function [19]. The COWA Test provides a relatively quick test of verbal fluency and it is believed to place high demands on executive control processes [20].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The efficacy and roles of combining temozolomide with whole brain radiotherapy in protection neurocognitive function and improvement quality of life of non-small-cell lung cancer patients with brain metastases

et al. 2017

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BackgroundBrain metastasis (BM) is a poor prognostic factor for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The efficacy and roles of combining temozolomide (TMZ) with whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) in protection neurocognitive function (NCF) and improvement quality of life (QOL) were investigated and compared with WBRT alone in the treatment of NSCLC patients with BM.MethodsA total of 238 NSCLC patients with BM were reviewed and categorized into WBRT plus TMZ (RCT) arm and WBRT alone (RT), respectively. The efficacy was evaluated with Pearson chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests, Log-rank test and Cox proportional hazards model. NCF was assessed by using revised Hopkins Verbal Learning Test (HVLT-R), Controlled Oral Word Association (COWA) test and Trail-making Test (TMT). QOL was assessed by the Functional Assessment of Cancer Treatment-Lung (FACT-L) Chinese version 4.0 questionnaire.ResultsThe average intracranial objective response (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) for all the patients were 26.9 and 95.8%, respectively. The intracranial ORR and DCR for RCT and RT arm were 34.9% vs. 20.2% (p = 0.01) and 98.4% vs. 92.7% (p = 0.03), respectively. The median intracranial progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of NSCLC patients with BM were 5.2 and 7.3 months, respectively. The median PFS of RCT arm was significantly longer than that of RT arm (5.9 vs. 4.9 months, p = 0.002). The median OS of the RCT arm was also slightly longer than that of the RT arm (8.5 vs. 5.9 months), but without statistical significance (p = 0.11). Multivariate analysis indicated that TMZ was a significant factor for PFS. Statistically significant differences on NCF and QOL were observed between CRT and RT arms at 5 months. RCT showed a trend of toxicities increase compared with RT, however, the toxicities were tolerable and manageable.ConclusionsAdding TMZ to WBRT in the treatment of NSCLC patients with BM could improve the intracranial ORR, DCR, and median PFS compared with WBRT alone. Although no remarkable difference on median OS was found, adding TMZ could prevent NCF and QOL from worsening. The side effects increased by adding TMZ, but the difference was not statistical significance and toxicities were well tolerated.

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Association between the Trail Making Test and physical performance in elderly Japanese

Abstract: The TMT reflects complex walking performance, so it can be a useful synthetic indicator for health programs promoting independence in elderly Japanese.

Cited by 49 publications

References 24 publications

Evidence for a Selectively Regulated Prioritization Shift Depending on Walking Situations in Older Adults

Evidence for a Selectively Regulated Prioritization Shift Depending on Walking Situations in Older Adults

Effect of dementia on outcomes of elderly patients with hemorrhagic peptic ulcer disease based on a national administrative database

The efficacy and roles of combining temozolomide with whole brain radiotherapy in protection neurocognitive function and improvement quality of life of non-small-cell lung cancer patients with brain metastases

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