Association between Timing of Energy Intake and Insulin Sensitivity: A Cross-Sectional Study

Rangaraj, Vittobai Rashika; Siddula, Alankrita; Burgess, Helen J.; Pannain, Silvana; Knutson, Kristen L.

doi:10.3390/nu12020503

Cited by 26 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…A 6-year prospective cohort study showed consuming more caloric intake at dinner had a 2-fold higher incidence of diabetes at follow-up [10]. One recent cross-sectional study [17] showed that a greater proportion of energy intake in the morning was positively related to insulin sensitivity estimated by Matsuda Index. Contrary to our anticipation, no negative relationship was observed between the "Morning dominant pattern" and insulin resistance in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 2015 round included 7200 households within 360 communities (60 urban neighborhoods, 60 suburban neighborhoods, 60 towns, and 180 villages) across 15 diverse provinces (Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Shandong, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Guizhou, Guangxi, Shanxi, Yunnan, Zhejiang, Chongqing, Shanghai, and Beijing). The number of adult participants (age ≥ 18 years) was 17,193. After excluding participants who were, during the period of gestation or lactation (n = 218), diagnosed with hypertension, diabetes, myocardial infarction, apoplexy, or cancer (n = 3134), with missing important laboratory measurements (n = 4454), with missing demographic or lifestyle information (n = 527), with missing data on diet (60), and with extreme daily energy intake (higher than 5000 kcal/day or lower than 500 kcal/day) (n = 74); a total of 8726 participants were included in the analysis (Figure 1).…”

Section: Study Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Evidence from a randomized crossover trial [16] showed that circadian misalignment caused by shift work led to insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. Observational studies showed that greater energy intake and carbohydrate consumption earlier in the day were associated with higher insulin sensitivity in individuals without diabetes [17]. However, it is unknown whether a specific time-of-day energy intake pattern is related to insulin resistance in a free-living and healthy population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association of Time-of-Day Energy Intake Patterns with Nutrient Intakes, Diet Quality, and Insulin Resistance

Song

Wang

et al. 2021

Nutrients

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Evidence shows time-of-day of energy intake are associated with health outcomes; however, studies of time-of-day energy patterns and their health implication are still lacking in the Asian population. This study aims to examine the time-of-day energy intake pattern of Chinese adults and to examine its associations with nutrient intakes, diet quality, and insulin resistance. Dietary data from three 24-h recalls collected during the 2015 China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) were analyzed (n = 8726, aged ≥ 18 years). Time-of-day energy intake patterns were determined by latent class analysis (LCA). General Linear Models and Multilevel Mixed-effects Logistic Regression Models were applied to investigate the associations between latent time-of-day energy intake patterns, energy-adjusted nutrient intakes, diet quality score, and insulin resistance. Three time-of-day energy intake patterns were identified. Participants in the “Evening dominant pattern” were younger, had higher proportions of alcohol drinkers and current smokers. The “Evening dominant pattern” was associated with higher daily energy intake and a higher percentage of energy from fat (%) (p < 0.001), as well as higher insulin resistance risk (OR = 1.21; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.40), after adjusting for multivariate covariates. The highest diet quality score was observed in participants with “Noon dominant pattern” (p < 0.001). A higher proportion of energy in the later of the day was associated with insulin resistance in free-living individuals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association of Time-of-Day Energy Intake Patterns with Nutrient Intakes, Diet Quality, and Insulin Resistance

Song

Wang

et al. 2021

Nutrients

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“…However, when we evaluated nutrient intake by meal, we found that the weight grain group had a significantly higher intake of saturated fat from dinner. According to previous findings, greater energy intake later in the day is significantly associated with lower insulin sensitivity [ 6 , 34 ] and night-time eating (25% or more of total energy consumed after 9 p.m.) is significantly associated with increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome [ 31 ]. Further investigations are needed to explore whether dietary quality or meal composition can enhance the positive effects of TRE on weight control and health outcomes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Human TRE studies have largely been limited to observational studies [ 6 , 7 ]. Recently, several TRE intervention studies have been reported, although the findings are inconclusive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Four Weeks Dietary Intervention with 8-Hour Time-Restricted Eating on Body Composition and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Young Adults

2021

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Recently, intermittent fasting, also known as time-restricted eating (TRE), has become a popular diet trend. Compared to animal studies, there have been few studies and inconclusive findings investigating the effects of TRE in humans. In this study, we examined the effects of 8 h TRE on body weight and cardiometabolic risk factors in young adults who were mainly active at night. A total of 33 young adults completed the 8 h TRE for 4 weeks. Body composition was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis at baseline and every 2 weeks, and blood samples were collected at baseline and week 4. Daily dietary records were logged throughout the intervention period. Participants experienced significant changes in body weight (−1.0 ± 1.4 kg), body mass index (−0.4 ± 0.5 kg/m2), and body fat (−0.4 ± 1.9%) after 4 weeks of TRE. When participants were divided into weight loss/gain groups based on their weight change in week 4, fat mass reduction was significantly higher in the weight loss group than in the weight gain group. Regarding cardiometabolic risk factors, levels of fasting insulin and insulin resistance improved in the weight loss group after intervention, but not in the weight gain group. All subjects showed late-shifted sleeping patterns, but no significant differences in sleep duration, sleep quality, or psychological measures between the two groups. When meal frequency and energy proportion were evaluated, the average meal frequency was 2.8 ± 0.5 and energy proportions of breakfast, lunch, dinner, and snacks were 4.5, 39.2, 37.6, and 18.5%, respectively; there were no significant differences between the two groups. However, the saturated fat intake at dinner was lower in the weight loss group (3.1 ± 3.2%, 6.0 ± 2.5% respectively). In conclusion, 8 h TRE can be applied as a lifestyle strategy to manage body weight and cardiometabolic risk factors among young adults with late chronotypes.

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Sleep duration and timing are prospectively linked with insulin resistance during late adolescence

Jansen

Burgess

Chervin

et al. 2023

Obesity

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Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether short sleep duration or later sleep timing is a risk factor for insulin resistance (IR) in late adolescence.Methods: Mexico City adolescents enrolled in a longitudinal birth cohort (ELEMENT) took part in two study visits during peri-puberty that occurred approximately 2 years apart. IR was assessed with serum glucose and insulin. Four groups were defined using puberty-specific cut points: no IR over the follow-up period, transition from normal to IR, transition from IR to normal, and IR at both time points. Baseline sleep assessments were measured with 7-day wrist actigraphy. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to evaluate associations between sleep duration and timing with homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance categories, adjusting for age, sex, and baseline pubertal status.Results: Adolescents who were ≥ 1 hour below the sleep duration recommendations-for-age were 2.74 times more likely to develop IR (95% CI: 1.0-7.4). Similarly, adolescents who were in the latest category of sleep midpoint (>4:33 a.m.) were more likely than those with earliest midpoints (1 a.m.-3 a.m.) to develop IR (odds ratio = 2.63, 95% CI: 1.0-6.7). Changes in adiposity over follow-up did not mediate sleep and IR.Conclusions: Insufficient sleep duration and late sleep timing were associated with development of IR over a 2-year period in late adolescence.

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Association between Timing of Energy Intake and Insulin Sensitivity: A Cross-Sectional Study

Cited by 26 publications

References 41 publications

Association of Time-of-Day Energy Intake Patterns with Nutrient Intakes, Diet Quality, and Insulin Resistance

Association of Time-of-Day Energy Intake Patterns with Nutrient Intakes, Diet Quality, and Insulin Resistance

The Effect of Four Weeks Dietary Intervention with 8-Hour Time-Restricted Eating on Body Composition and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Young Adults

Sleep duration and timing are prospectively linked with insulin resistance during late adolescence

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