Association Between Toe Flexor Strength and Activity Levels in Community-Dwelling Japanese Older Women

Yokozuka, Mieko; Miki, Chie; Suzuki, Makoto; Katsura, Rieko

doi:10.1123/japa.2018-0217

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Toe flexor strength has been reported to be affected by age and sex [24]. In addition, toe flexor strength in women aged ≥80 years has been reported to be positively correlated with the average number of steps taken per day in daily life [25]. The mean age of the participants in this study was 77.7 ± 6.2 years, which was a wider range of participants' ages compared to the aforementioned study of young adults.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 43%

Relationship between foot morphology, muscle strength, and physical performance test in women aged 65 years and older: a cross-sectional study

Yokozuka

Okazaki

Hoshi

2022

BMC Musculoskelet Disord

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Background Hallux valgus is a foot deformity that may affect gait, thus increasing the risk of falls among older people. We investigated the relationship between foot morphology, muscle strength, and physical performance. Methods In this study, community-dwelling older people aged ≥65 years were included. A three-dimensional footprint automatic measurement apparatus was used to measure the hallux valgus angle, arch height ratio, and heel-floor angle. Furthermore, the toe flexor strength and ankle plantar flexion strength were measured. Physical performance tests included the five-repetition sit-to-stand test, one-leg standing time, maximal step length, functional reach test, and 5-m fastest walking time (walking time). The relationship between the hallux valgus angle and foot morphology and muscle strength was examined. In addition, factors affecting physical performance testing were assessed. Two-group comparisons, correlation, and multiple comparisons were used for statistical analyses. Results Of the 133 women (age 77.7 ± 6.2 years), 57 had hallux valgus and 76 had no hallux valgus. There was a significant difference in the arch height ratio and heel-floor angle between women with and without hallux valgus (p < 0.001). A correlation was found between the hallux valgus angle and the heel-floor angle (r = 0.468, p < 0.001) and arch height ratio (r = − 0.337, p < 0.001), respectively. Multiple regression analysis showed that the hallux valgus angle was related to functional reach (β = − 0.162, p = 0.042), and toe flexor strength was related to five-repetition sit-to-stand (β = − 0.182, p = 0.036), maximal step length (β = 0.328, p < 0.001), and walking time (β = − 0.219, p = 0.006). Conclusions A relationship was found between the hallux valgus angle, arch height rate, and inward inclination angle of the calcaneus. Functional reach was predicted based on the hallux valgus angle, whereas the five-repetition sit-to-stand, maximal step length, and walking time were predicted based on toe flexor strength. Hallux valgus predicted not only the forefoot but also the foot morphology and was related to physical performance. From the perspective of motor function and fall prevention, efforts should be made to better understand and prevent the onset and progression of hallux valgus.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 43%

Relationship between foot morphology, muscle strength, and physical performance test in women aged 65 years and older: a cross-sectional study

Yokozuka

Okazaki

Hoshi

2022

BMC Musculoskelet Disord

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“…The strength of the toe flexors is related to walking parameters, such as the walking speed [11] and the timed up and go test [20]. In particular, a positive correlation between the toe flexor strength and the average number of steps taken per day was reported in women aged > 80 years [12]. Hallux valgus and lesser toe deformities were associated with reduced strength of plantar flexion [5, 21, 22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Toe flexor strength is correlated with spatiotemporal gait parameters in community-dwelling older people [11]. Moreover, toe flexor strength was found to be positively correlated with the number of steps taken per day (r = 0.424) [12]. Interestingly, many studies have examined the relationship between activity and toe flexor strength.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in toe flexor strength and foot morphology between wheelchair dependent and ambulant older people in long‐term care: a cross‐sectional study

Yokozuka

Sato

2021

Journal of Foot and Ankle Research

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Background Hallux valgus, lesser toe deformity, and muscle weakness of the toe flexors contribute to falls in older people. This study aimed to examine the differences in toe flexor strength and foot morphology in older people requiring long-term care due to changes in the way they mobilize in everyday life. Methods This study included 84 people aged ≥70 years without motor paralysis who underwent rehabilitation. They were divided into those who could mobilize without a wheelchair (walking group, n = 54) and those who used a wheelchair to mobilize (wheelchair group, n = 30). The presence or absence of diseases was confirmed, and hand grip strength, toe flexor strength, and foot morphology using the foot printer were measured. The presence of diseases, hand grip strength, toe flexor strength, and foot morphology were compared between the two groups. Multiple logistic analysis was performed with wheelchair dependence as the dichotomous outcome variable, and the percentages of each strength measure observed in the wheelchair group to the average hand grip and toe flexor strength measures in the walking group were compared. Results No significant between-group difference in foot morphology was found. The factors related to the differences in ways of ambulating in daily life were history of fracture, heart disease, and toe flexor strength. After comparing the muscle strength of the wheelchair group with the mean values of the walking group, we found that the toe flexor strength was significantly lower than the hand grip strength. Conclusions Older people who used a wheelchair to mobilize have significantly less toe flexor strength than those who do not despite no significant difference in foot morphology. Use of a wheelchair is associated with a reduction in toe flexor strength.

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“…The strength of the toe exors is related to walking parameters such as walking speed (8) and the timed up and go test (16). In particular, a positive correlation between toe exor strength and the average number of steps taken per day was reported in women aged > 80 years (13). Hallux valgus and lesser toe deformity reduce the strength of plantar exion (5,17,18).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Toe exor strength correlates positively with the number of steps taken per day (13). Therefore, there may be differences in toe exor strength and foot morphology between those who use a wheelchair to move about and those who walk without a wheelchair.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toe flexor strength and foot morphology in older people requiring long-term care due to changes in their means of mobilizing in daily life: a cross-sectional study

Yokozuka¹,

Sato²

2020

Preprint

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Background: Hallux valgus and lesser toe deformity reduce the strength of the toe flexors and are a cause of falls in older people. This study aimed to examine the differences in toe flexor strength and foot morphology in older people requiring long-term care due to changes in the way they mobilize in everyday life.Methods: Eighty-four people aged ≥70 without motor paralysis who are undergoing or had undergone ambulatory rehabilitation. They were divided into those who could mobilize without a wheelchair (walking group, n=54) and those who used a wheelchair to mobilize (wheelchair group, n=30). Presence of diseases, hand grip strength, toe flexor strength, and foot morphology were compared between the two groups.Results: No significant between-group difference in foot morphology was found. Factors related to differences in the means used to mobilize in daily life were a history of fracture, heart disease, and toe flexor strength. In muscle strength of the wheelchair group compared with the mean values of the walking group, the toe flexor strength was significantly more decreased in relation to hand grip strength.Conclusions: Older people who use a wheelchair to mobilize have significantly less toe flexor strength than those who do not despite having no significant difference in foot morphology. Use of a wheelchair is associated with a reduction in toe flexor strength.

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Association Between Toe Flexor Strength and Activity Levels in Community-Dwelling Japanese Older Women

Cited by 4 publications

References 22 publications

Relationship between foot morphology, muscle strength, and physical performance test in women aged 65 years and older: a cross-sectional study

Relationship between foot morphology, muscle strength, and physical performance test in women aged 65 years and older: a cross-sectional study

Differences in toe flexor strength and foot morphology between wheelchair dependent and ambulant older people in long‐term care: a cross‐sectional study

Toe flexor strength and foot morphology in older people requiring long-term care due to changes in their means of mobilizing in daily life: a cross-sectional study

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