Association between upper-limb isometric strength and handcycling performance in elite athletes

Elite performance in para-cycling: a scoping review

“…eujapa.upol.cz Some of the studies with elite to World-class para-cyclists had a limited number of participants, yet a few studies contained larger groups of high-level athletes (n=23-168) (Liljedahl et al, 2023;Muchaxo et al, 2022;Muchaxo et al, 2023;West et al, 2015). These studies were all performed in collaboration with the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI), where measurements were done preceding UCI World Cups and UCI World Championships.…”

“…For example, Boer and Terblanche (2014); Burkett and Mellifont (2008); Kennedy et al (2018) used athletes from different divisions for their study, which makes it hard to interpret the results. However, a few studies managed to include large numbers of athletes per sports class, which were studies performed during UCI World Cup events and UCI World Championships (Liljedahl et al, 2023;Muchaxo et al, 2022;Muchaxo et al, 2023;. This collaboration with the UCI makes it possible to include and analyze a large and diverse group of well-trained, elite, and even World-class athletes and produce meaningful results.…”

“…Based on their study Muchaxo et al (2020) suggest that there is no justification based on average velocity for the current cutoffs between the least impaired classes. To be able to better relate impairment to performance and sport classes, some researchers have started to investigate the relation between different impairments and performance abilities in paracycling (trunk function on handcycling performance Muchaxo et al, 2022;Muchaxo et al, 2023); muscle strength on cycling performance (Liljedahl et al, 2023); sprint power on para-cycling performance . However, the results are inconclusive, as the impact of specific impairments on performance, such as cycling with one or two legs with and without upper body impairment, yet unknown, and more research is needed to come to an evidence-based classification system in para-cycling.…”

Handbike for Daily Use, Sport, and Rehabilitation Purposes: A Literature Review of Actuation and Technical Characteristics

“…In some cases, hybrid handbikes are also used for the acquisitions, especially where the use of a treadmill is required, as in the experimental setups described in Figure 8. Abel_2003 [17] x x x Dallmeijer_2004 [5] x x x x 1 Lovell_2012 [18] x x x 2 x Verellen_2012a [19] x x x x 3 Hettinga_2013 [20] x x x x Abel_2015 [21] x x x 4 Bakkum_2015 [22] Fischer_2015 [23] x x Hettinga_2016 [24] x x x Schoenmakers_2016 [25] x x Hutchinson_2017 [26] x x x Kraaijenbrink_2017 [27] x x 5 Quittmann_2018 [28] x x x Rappelt_2022 [29] x x x x Kouwijzer_2022 [30] x x x Abonie_2021 [31] x x x Hutchinson_2021 [32] x x x x x Kouwijzer_2021 [33] x x 6 Hall_2022 [34] x x x Muchaxo_2022 [35] x x x Focusing on the experimental conditions, in two cases the evaluations were performed at fixed RPE condition, and in four cases at fixed %HRR. In 12 documents, fixed power conditions were imposed, and in two cases a fixed lactate threshold was applied.…”

“…Among the six documents classified within this category, Arnet et al proposed a comparison between handbike and wheelchair performance [6,43]. In the first study conducted by Arnet et al [6], eight subjects with paraplegia underwent testing while propelling both a handbike and a wheelchair at different power output levels (25,35,45, and 55 W). The treadmill speed was adjusted to 1.6 m/s for the handbike and 1.11 m/s for the wheelchair, aiming to simulate everyday propulsion conditions.…”