Association between urinary sodium excretion and coronary heart disease in hospitalized elderly patients in China

Abstract

ObjectiveThis study was performed to evaluate the association between urinary sodium excretion and coronary heart disease (CHD) in hospitalized elderly patients in China.MethodsThe 24-h urinary excretion specimens of 541 patients were collected, and the serum creatinine concentration and urinary sodium/potassium ratio were measured. Associations were explored by multivariate logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe mean 24-h urinary sodium excretion was 200.4 mmol, corresponding to 11.7 g of salt intake. Both of these values were higher in men than in women. The salt intake of 80- to 89-year-old patients was significantly lower than that of 70- to 79-year-old patients. The 24-h urinary sodium excretion and spot urine Na/K ratios were significantly higher in overweight/obese and hypertensive patients. The 24-h urinary sodium excretion of men who smoked was significantly higher than that of women. The spot urine Na/K ratio was significantly higher in patients with cerebral thrombosis. The urinary Na/K ratio, smoking status, and hypertension were independent risk factors for CHD.ConclusionsThis cross-sectional survey suggests that the Na/K ratio may better represent salt loading than Na excretion alone in studying the association between sodium intake and CHD. There was no association between sodium and CHD prevalence.

Science of Salt: A regularly updated systematic review of salt and health outcomes studies (April to October 2018)

“…The weekly search identified 4141 citations over the period from April 3 to October 30, 2018, of which 19 studies including dietary sodium and health outcomes met the criteria for full review (Table ). These included systematic review and meta‐analyses (n = 2), randomized controlled trials (n = 3, including one post hoc analysis of a randomized controlled trial), a non‐randomized controlled trial (n = 1), prospective cohort studies (n = 4), a retrospective cohort study using population data (n = 1), and cross‐sectional studies (n = 8) . Two studies assessed mortality outcomes, four studies assessed morbidity outcomes, and one study assessed symptoms/quality of life/functional status outcomes .…”

“…50 In particular, the use of inadequate sodium intake assessment in observational studies is problematic. Six studies used spot urine collections to estimate usual sodium intake, 24,29,33,35,36,40 despite the large body of literature showing that spot urine collections lack precision and accuracy for assessment of usual sodium intake in individuals. 51,52 The risk of misclassification is high in these studies as demonstrated by Bland-Altman analyses consistently…”

“…These included systematic review and meta-analyses (n = 2), 22,23 randomized controlled trials (n = 3, including one post hoc analysis of a randomized controlled trial), [24][25][26] a non-randomized controlled trial (n = 1), 27 prospective cohort studies (n = 4), [28][29][30][31] a retrospective cohort study using population data (n = 1), 32 and cross-sectional studies (n = 8). [33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] Two studies assessed mortality outcomes, 28,29 four studies assessed morbidity outcomes, [30][31][32][33] and one study assessed symptoms/quality of life/functional status outcomes. 22 Eight studies assessed clinical surrogate outcomes, [23][24][25][26][27][34][35][36] one study assessed physiologic surrogate outcomes, 37 and three studies assessed other outcomes [38][39][40] according to our pre-specified categories.…”

Study on the correlation between Left Ventricular Hypertrophy and Coronary Artery disease in the very elderly patients with hypertension

“…In the event of excessive pressure overload (hypertension) duration, irreversible fibrosis of the left ventricle will occur, resulting in permanent systolic function impairment. 2 Coronary heart disease has a high incidence in the elderly 3 , and it is clinically manifested as myocardial hypoxia, myocardial ischemia, infarction and other symptoms. It has been shown in most studies that hypertensive patients with coronary artery disease have a significantly higher incidence of increased left ventricular volume compared with patients with simple hypertension.…”

Transcriptome Sequencing to Detect the Potential Role of Long Noncoding RNAs in Salt-Sensitive Hypertensive Rats

“…Hypertension is defined as a complex disease determined by both environmental and genetic factors. It has become a significant public health problem because of the high prevalence and increased risk of cardiovascular and renal diseases [1]. Salt intake plays a critical role among environmental factors; a lot of studies from animals and clinic trials reveal a positive relation between salt intake and hypertension [2–4].…”