Association in bitches between breed, size, neutering and docking, and acquired urinary incontinence due to incompetence of the urethral sphincter mechanism

Holt, P. E.; Thrusfield, Michael

doi:10.1136/vr.133.8.177

Cited by 98 publications

(120 citation statements)

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“…This result is in agreement with the 3% reported by Holt and Thrusfield (1993) and 6% found by Okkens et al (1997) but is lower than the 12% observed by von Ruckstuhl (1978) and the 20% occurrence rate reported by Arnold et al (1989).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

“…An increased incidence of urinary incontinence after spaying has been reported in large and giant breeds (Arnold, 1992;Holt and Thrusfield, 1993), especially in Boxer and Doberman (Arnold, 1992;Nickel et al, 1999). There is evidence that body weight affects the risk of urinary incontinence (Nendick and Clark, 1987;Arnold et al, 1989;Okkens et al, 1997).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spaying-related urinary incontinence in bitches has been reported to occur in 53/1681 (3.1%) (Holt and Thrusfield, 1993), in 15/264 (5.7%) (Okkens et al, 1997) and in 23/189 (12.2%) spayed bitches (von Ruckstuhl, 1978), and in up to 20% of dogs submitted to ovariectomy or ovariohysterectomy (Arnold et al, 1989).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is evidence that body weight affects the risk of urinary incontinence (Nendick and Clark, 1987;Arnold et al, 1989;Okkens et al, 1997). Docking is also recognised as a risk factor because it can cause weakening of the pelvic diaphragm by affecting the urethral nerve supply and the insertions of muscles providing periurethral support (Holt and Thrusfield, 1993).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Spaying-related urinary incontinence and oestrogen therapy in the bitch

Veronesi

Rota

Battocchio

et al. 2009

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica

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Some aspects of spaying-related urinary incontinence in the bitch still remain incompletely clarified. Therefore, the aims of the present study were to evaluate the prevalence of the disease among spayed dogs, to detect differences in risk related to the type of surgery, to describe the characteristics of incontinent bitches, to assess the influence of age at surgery on the onset of incontinence occurrence, and to assess the effectiveness and long-term side effects of oestrogen therapy in affected bitches. Among 750 bitches submitted to ovariectomy or ovariohysterectomy, those showing spaying-related urinary incontinence were evaluated. Oestrogen replacement therapy consisted of administering an effective dose followed by an individual maintenance dose. The results showed that the disease occurred in 5% of neutered bitches, the type of surgery did not affect the disease occurrence, affected bitches frequently represented large or giant breeds or large-size mongrels, the body weight of the affected bitches at surgery was often ≥ 20 kg, the disease seems to be associated with tail docking, the age at surgery influences the onset of incontinence, with earlier occurrence in older bitches, and that a strong co-operation between owners and veterinarians is necessary to achieve successful response to oestrogen replacement therapy. Long-term administration seems to be unrelated to oestrogenic side effects.Key words: Bitch, spaying, urinary incontinence, oestrogen therapy Urinary continence results from the combined effect of anatomical and physiological factors leading to normal urinary bladder storage, bladder neck

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spaying-related urinary incontinence and oestrogen therapy in the bitch

Veronesi

Rota

Battocchio

et al. 2009

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica

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“…Em 75% das cadelas acometidas, os sinais acontecem durante os primeiros três anos após a cirurgia (ARNOLD et al, 1989). Podem ser encontrados casos de incontinência urinária em animais de todos os tamanhos, porém, o problema parece ser mais comum em cães de médio e grande porte (ARNOLD et al, 1989;HOLT;THRUSFIELD, 1993;ARNOLD, 1999a). Arnold et al (1989) (ARNOLD et al, 1989).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Ocorrência de incontinência urinária em cadelas castradas no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Anhembi-Morumbi, São Paulo, Brasil

Cesare¹,

Ferrari

Romagnoli

2013

Braz. J. Vet. Res. Anim. Sci.

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Ocorrência de incontinência urinária em cadelas castradas no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Anhembi-Morumbi, São Paulo, BrasilOccurrence of urinary incontinence in spayed bitches at the Veterinary Hospital of the Anhembi-Morumbi University, São Paulo, Brazil AbstractUrinary incontinence (UI) can occur in bitches after spaying due to a functional alteration in the urethral sphincter. which may be caused by a number of different causes among which a decrease in the blood levels of steroidal hormones or an increase in gonadotropin in order to determine the occurrence of UI in spayed bitches at the Veterinary Hospital, University Anhembi-Morumbi, the medical records of spayed bitches in the period 2002-2009 were examined from August 2010 to March 2011. The owners of 227 bitches were contacted by telephone to search for development of UI after spaying. Of these, 73 (32.2%) died with no symptom of UI, 146 (64.3%) did not develop UI, and eight (3.5%) developed UI in the period of 3.8 ± 1.6 years after castration.

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2018

Veterinary Epidemiology

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Association in bitches between breed, size, neutering and docking, and acquired urinary incontinence due to incompetence of the urethral sphincter mechanism

Cited by 98 publications

References 0 publications

Spaying-related urinary incontinence and oestrogen therapy in the bitch

Spaying-related urinary incontinence and oestrogen therapy in the bitch

Ocorrência de incontinência urinária em cadelas castradas no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Anhembi-Morumbi, São Paulo, Brasil

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