Association of 24-Hour Heart Rate Variability and Daytime Physical Activity: ALLSTAR Big Data Analysis

Abstract

This paper reports the temporal structures of the relationships between 24-hour heart rate variability (HRV) and physical activity (PA) in clinical big data of simultaneously recorded electrocardiograms (ECG) and actigraphic data in 21,682 male and 29,446 female patients (age, 20-100 yr). We found that SDNN (standard deviation of 24-hour normal-to-normal R-R interval [NN interval] of ECG) and PA during daytime, evening, and nighttime decreased with age. In regression models adjusted for the effect of age, daytime PA explained 7% of inter-individual variance in SDNN, while evening and early morning PA explained only <0.6% and nighttime PA negatively contributed to SDNN. Daytime but not nighttime PA is positively associated with increased 24-hour HRV.

Association of heart rate variability with regional difference in senility death ratio: ALLSTAR big data analysis

“…In previous studies, we also observed that the HRV indices such as SDNN and PA level are associated with regional healthy life expectancy. 9,10 Although the data were sampled from subjects who required Holter ECG examination, the conditions of data sampling may be assumed to be the same for all prefectures and thus, there seemed no apparent factors that could cause sampling biases among prefectures. Although the relevant mechanism of the association between senility death ration and regional HRV and PA levels is unknown from this study, one may speculate that regional differences in genetic background and/or environmental factors may affect both the senility death ratio and the physiological markers, creating an indirect link between them.…”

Daily Heart Rate Variability Indices in Subjects with and Without Metabolic Syndrome Before and After the Elimination of the Influence of Day-time Physical Activity

“…Yuda et al [12] used a simple regression model to measure HRV (SDNN) and accelerometer readings in four periods of the day, and only day-time physical activity was found to have a positive effect on SDNN, resulting in only a 7% SDNN difference between individuals. In agreement with the published data, we once again demonstrate that night-time HRV assessment is not altered by the physical activity: therefore, further adjustments are of little value.…”

“…Although MetS is present in 20–40% of the middle-aged population globally [10,11], altered autonomic nervous system (ANS) balance is still not included as the MetS defining component. Furthermore, it is not yet established how it is influenced by a physically active or sedentary lifestyle [12,13].…”

“…The aforementioned association is further altered when AH is accompanied by MetS, in which case short HR recordings reveal the imbalance of HRV indicators also in daily measurements—changes in ultra-low frequency (ULF) and very low frequency (VLF) spectrum bands [17,18]. In addition, outpatient day-to-day HR monitoring, due to environment-associated changes and uninhibited behavior, will cause many different HR reactions [12,19]. These diverse conditions prevent the results of the study to be precisely defined.…”

“…We suggest that the assessment of additional physiological indicators that are linked to HR modulation is needed to explain the interdependence of ongoing processes and the role of ANS. Physical activity (PhA) has the greatest impact on HRV and can be recorded by an accelerometer [12]. However, the accelerometers’ signals only provide information about ongoing acceleration and its relative amplitude, hence making it very complicated to associate it with ANS modulated HRV.…”