Association of ABO Blood Type with Bleeding Severity in Patients with Acute Gastroesophageal Variceal Bleeding

Abstract

Background and Objectives: ABO blood types have been implicated as potential risk factors for various hemorrhagic diseases. No study has investigated the association between gastroesophageal variceal bleeding and ABO blood types. We aimed to evaluate the impact of ABO blood types on mortality and bleeding risk in acute gastroesophageal variceal bleeding. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective observational study. Patients presenting with acute gastroesophageal varices bleeding diagnosed by endoscopy were enrolled, and were divided by blood type into a type O group and non-type O group. The outcomes were death within 30 days and the proportion of further bleeding. We used generalized linear mixed-effects models to analyze the outcomes. Results: A total of 327 patients and 648 records of emergency room visits were included. The 30-day mortality was 14.8% (21 of 142 patients) in the type O group, and 16.2% (30 of 185 patients) in the non-type O group (p = 0.532). Further bleeding within 30 days occurred in 34 cases (12.6%) in the type O group, and in 26 cases (6.9%) in the non-type O group (p = 0.539). Conclusions: There was no significant difference in blood transfusion volume in 24 h, recurrent bleeding rates, or mortality between patients with blood type O and those with non-type O.

Evaluation of Clinical Manifestations of Hemorrhoidal Disease, Carried Out Surgeries and Prolapsed Anorectal Tissues: Associations with ABO Blood Groups of Patients

“…Van Gieson's and Picro Sirius red staining were used for the assessment of collagen. The sections stained in Picro Sirius red were further observed under interference and polarized light that improves the visualization and assessment of collagen fibers using a Biolar microscope (BIOLAR, Warsaw, Poland) [30,31,49]. The density of connective tissue fibers appearing in Van Gieson's and Picro Sirius red staining was graded semiquantitatively from 0 to 4, where: 0-loose, 1-minimally dense, 2moderately dense, 3-markedly dense, and 4-very dense.…”

“…Pathophysiological studies highlight increased abdominal pressure as a significant factor [2,11,25,26], along with hyperperfusion, neovascularization [7,27], overexpression of inflammatory mediators [21], and dysbiosis [28]. Histopathological changes include the deterioration of anchoring connective tissue with reduced collagen content and altered collagen ratios [24,[29][30][31]. All these factors collectively weaken the perivascular connective tissue and lead to the dilation of blood vessels, resulting in the formation of hemorrhoids.…”

“…Moreover, blood group 0 has been associated with an increased risk of severe hemorrhages and lower hemostatic potency observed in upper gastrointestinal bleeding [23,[28][29][30]. For the upper gastrointestinal tract, oral mucosal bleeding, peptic ulcer disease, erosive disease, and cirrhosis-associated gastroesophageal variceal bleeding are recognized as the most common causes of bleeding [31]. Although some evidence suggests an association between ABO blood type and bleeding from hemorrhoids, most often confirmed in patients with blood group 0 and the least common in B and AB blood group individuals [44,49], current understanding of the relationship between the development of hemorrhoids and different ABO blood groups is incomplete.…”

Association between ABO blood groups and mortality in upper gastrointestinal bleeding

“…Additionally, it is known that platelet function is more limited in patients with O blood group than in patients with other blood groups, which increases the potential for bleeding 10 . In the literature, studies have reported that patients with O blood group have more bleeding complications than those with other blood groups in various diseases such as variceal GI bleeding, postpartum hemorrhage, and severe traumatic bleeding [11][12][13] .…”

Editorial for the Special Issue “Emergency Medicine and Emergency Room Medical Issues”

“…Hematological abnormalities are also a matter of discussion in the daily clinical practice of emergency departments for both children [ 21 ] and adults with several comorbidities, such as liver diseases or portal hypertension [ 22 ].…”