Association of Adiponectin, Leptin and Resistin Plasma Concentrations with Echocardiographic Parameters in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

Abstract

The imbalanced network of adipokines may contribute to the development of systemic low-grade inflammation, metabolic diseases and coronary artery disease (CAD). In the last decade, three classic adipokines—adiponectin, leptin and resistin—have been of particular interest in studies of patients with CAD due to their numerous properties in relation to the cardiovascular system. This has directed our attention to the association of adipokines with cardiac structure and function and the development of heart failure (HF), a common end effect of CAD. Thus, the purpose of this study was to analyse the associations of plasma concentrations of adiponectin, leptin and resistin with parameters assessed in the echocardiographic examinations of CAD patients. The presented study enrolled 167 Caucasian patients (133 male; 34 female) with CAD. Anthropometric, echocardiographic and basic biochemical measurements, together with plasma concentrations of adiponectin, leptin and resistin assays, were performed in each patient. Adiponectin concentrations were negatively associated with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and shortening fraction (LVSF), and positively associated with mitral valve E/A ratio (E/A), left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular end-systolic diameter LVESD, and left atrium diameter (LAD). Resistin concentrations were negatively associated with E/A. Leptin concentrations, although correlated with HF severity assessed by the New York Heart Association (NYHA) Functional Classification, were not independently associated with the echocardiographic parameters of cardiac structure or function. In conclusion, adiponectin and resistin, but not leptin, are associated with the echocardiographic parameters of cardiac remodelling and dysfunction. These associations suggest that adiponectin and resistin might be involved in mechanisms of cardiac remodelling or compensative response. We also suggest the possible benefits of adiponectin and resistin level measurements in the monitoring of patients with CAD.

Adiponectin System (Rescue Hormone): The Missing Link between Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases

“…Adiponectin, omentin, apelin, and secreted frizzled-related protein (Sfrp-5) possess anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective effects, while leptin, visfatin, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), resistin, osteopontin, and retinol-binding protein4 (RBP-4) have pro-inflammatory effects on the cardiovascular system, and preliminary findings link cardiovascular diseases to unhealthy metabolism [ 5 ]. Plasma concentration parameters of adiponectin and resistin measured in echocardiographic examination of coronary artery disease (CAD) patients were found to be related to cardiac remodeling and dysfunction [ 6 ]. Changes of the heart muscle, functional and morphological, have been noticed to be more significant in patients with chronic heart failure in addition to metabolic syndrome (MS) (combination of diabetes, obesity, and hypertension), than patients without MS [ 7 ].…”

Novel Adiponectin Resistin indices and ratios predict increased cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

“…Sawaguchi et al suggested that adiponectin could be used as a predictor of progression of heart failure in cardiovascular surgery due its link to sarcopenia, inflammation, and malnutrition [ 28 ]. Also, adiponectin and resistin can be involved in cardiac remodeling mechanism [ 29 ]. Furthermore, the relationship of adiponectin to chemerin, adiponectin/chemerin ratio, could play an important role in affecting lipids and metabolism especially in reproductive system dysfunctions such as Polycystic ovary syndrome [ 30 ].…”

Relationship between Adipokines and Cardiovascular Ultrasound Parameters in Metabolic-Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease

“…Similar to our findings, Norvik et al conducted a cross-sectional study on 1165 women and 896 men without diabetes, reporting no significant association between adiponectin and E/A ratio [ 48 ]. On the other hand, Puchałowicz et al reported that E/A was significantly positively associated with adiponectin in coronary artery disease patients [ 49 ]. Decreased adiponectin levels in obese subjects are linked with inflammation and increased cardiovascular risk [ 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 ].…”