Association of Adiponectin, Resistin, and Vascular Inflammation

Abstract

Objective-Adiponectin and resistin are adipokines that are linked to obesity, inflammation, and atherosclerosis.18 F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography is a promising imaging technique that can be used to evaluate vascular inflammation. Methods and Results-We measured adiponectin and resistin levels, as well as traditional cardiovascular risk factors, in 60 obese subjects and 60 nonobese controls. In addition, we compared carotid intima-media thickness and target-to-background ratio (TBR) measured using 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography. The mean TBR values were significantly higher in the obese group compared with normal subjects, although their mean carotid intima-media thickness levels were not significantly different. Serum adiponectin levels showed a significant negative correlation with mean TBR values (rϭϪ0.215, Pϭ0.020), whereas resistin levels were positively correlated with mean TBR values (rϭ0.214, Pϭ0.021). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that mean TBR values were independently associated with body mass index, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and resistin levels (R 2 ϭ0.308). Key Words: positron emission tomography Ⅲ adiponectin Ⅲ inflammation Ⅲ resistin A therosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory process resulting from the interaction of modified lipoproteins, monocyte-derived macrophages, T cells, and the normal cellular elements of the arterial wall. 1 Atherosclerotic plaques contain many inflammatory cells, such as macrophages, which secrete several cytokines that cause weakening of the fibrous plaque cap. 2,3 The rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque and the subsequent formation of the thrombi are the main factors responsible for myocardial infarction and cerebral infarctions. The biological compositions and inflammatory state of an atherosclerotic plaque, rather than the degree of stenosis or its size, are the major determinants of acute clinical events. 4 Conclusion-Adiponectin

Biological Signatures of Asymptomatic Extra- and Intracranial Atherosclerosis

“…15,19 Resistin is a protein secreted by adipocytes and related to insulin resistance in rodents, whereas in humans it is mainly secreted by inflammatory cells and has been reported as a marker of coronary and carotid atherosclerosis. 21,22 In the present study, resistin was independently associated with atherosclerotic burden, especially with combined ECAD and ICAD. Intriguingly, we found that high levels of ADMA, an endogenous inhibitor of endothelial nitric oxide, were independently associated with isolated ICAD but were not with moderate to severe ICAD or with combined ECAD and ICAD.…”

“…Novel vascular risk factors assessed included direct measures of insulin resistance. Several predefined biomarkers involved in atherogenesis were determined in the present study: C-reactive protein (CRP) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, previously reported as markers of progression of symptomatic intracranial atherosclerosis 20 ; resistin, previously reported as a marker of asymptomatic coronary and carotid atherosclerosis 21,22 ; and the endogenous nitric oxide synthase inhibitor asymmetric-dimethylarginine (ADMA), previously associated with extracranial asymptomatic atherosclerosis. 23 …”

Circulating Chemerin Level is Independently Correlated with Arterial Stiffness

“…Furthermore, Fu et al 14) demonstrated that adenovirus-mediated over-expression of adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (A-FABP) induces foam cell formation by increasing intracellular lipid accumulation in macrophage cell lines, which is an essential step in the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. Recently, we reported that serum resistin and A-FABP are independently associated with atherosclerotic inflammation, as determined by [ 18 F]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography 15,16) . The chemerin gene was originally described as a retinoid-responsive gene in psoriatic skin lesions 17) .…”

The Future of Cardiovascular Imaging

“…126,142 In addition, the quantitative FDG PET signal correlates with clinical indices of CV risk 143 and circulating inflammatory biomarkers. [144][145][146][147] The quantitative vascular FDG PET signal has been widely used as a surrogate end point to test the effects of anti-inflammatory drugs in clinical trials.…”

“…126,142 Además, la señal cuantitativa de PET con FDG se correlaciona con índices clínicos de riesgo CV 143 y biomarcadores inflamatorios circulantes. [144][145][146][147] La señal vascular cuantitativa de PET FDG ha sido ampliamente utilizada como un objetivo subrogado para probar los efectos de drogas antiinflamatorias en los estudios clínicos. [148][149][150][151][152][153][154][155] La PET con FDG se está usando activamente como un objetivo subrogado en muchos estudios en curso de ateroesclerosis.…”