Association of Adult Body Mass Index and Height with Anxiety, Depression, and Suicide in the General Population: The HUNT Study

Bjerkeset, Ottar; Romundstad, Pål Richard; Evans, Jonathan; Gunnell, David

doi:10.1093/aje/kwm280

Cited by 208 publications

(194 citation statements)

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“…After adjustment for all these variables, the associations between depression/anxiety and BMI levels remained significant in this study, which is consistent with the findings of most recent studies. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] Moreover, our results agree with the earlier studies in that the mental disorder status or its association with BMI levels varies by gender. 7,20,28,29,40 However, our results differed from those of several other studies that have reported no relationship 26 or an inverse association of overweight/obesity with mental disorders in men.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…3 A growing body of evidence has shown that obesity, highly prevalent and increasing in the United States and worldwide, [4][5][6] is associated with an increased risk of developing psychiatric disorders. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] However, most of the earlier studies failed to evaluate the effects of obesity-related comorbidities (ORCs), lifestyle factors (such as smoking, alcohol drinking and physical activity) or other psychosocial factors (such as general health status, emotional support and life satisfaction) on mental health simultaneously, although these factors also affect mental health status 13,[16][17][18][19] or are associated with mental disorders. 16,[20][21][22][23][24][25] On the other hand, some other studies have found no relationship 26 or an inverse association of overweight/obesity with mental disorders in men.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Depression and anxiety among US adults: associations with body mass index

et al. 2009

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Background: Obesity is associated with an increased risk of developing a variety of chronic diseases, most of which are associated with psychiatric disorders. We examined the associations of depression and anxiety with body mass index (BMI) after taking into consideration the obesity-related comorbidities (ORCs) and other psychosocial or lifestyle factors. Methods: We analyzed the data collected from 177 047 participants (agedX18 years) in the 2006 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Current depression was assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire-8 diagnostic algorithm. Lifetime diagnoses of depression, anxiety and ORCs were self-reported. The prevalence of the three psychiatric disorders was age standardized to the 2000 US population. Multivariate-adjusted prevalence ratios were computed to test associations of depression and anxiety with BMI using SUDAAN software. Results: The age-adjusted prevalence of current depression, lifetime diagnosed depression and anxiety varied significantly by gender. Within each gender, the prevalence of the three psychiatric disorders was significantly higher in both men and women who were underweight (BMIo18.5 kg/m 2 ), in women who were overweight (BMI: 25-o30 kg/m 2 ) or obese (BMIX30 kg/m 2 ), and in men who had class III obesity (BMIX40 kg/m 2 ) than in those with a normal BMI (18.5Ào25 kg/m 2 ). After adjusting for demographics, ORCs, lifestyle or psychosocial factors, compared with men with a normal BMI, men with a BMIX40 kg/m 2 were significantly more likely to have current depression or lifetime diagnosed depression and anxiety; men with a BMIo18.5 kg/m 2 were also significantly more likely to have lifetime diagnosed depression. Women who were either overweight or obese were significantly more likely than women with a normal BMI to have all the three psychiatric disorders.Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that disparities in the prevalence of depression and anxiety exist among people with different BMI levels independent of their disease status or other psychosocial or lifestyle factors.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depression and anxiety among US adults: associations with body mass index

et al. 2009

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“…We found three additional studies through bibliography hand-searches, yielding 16 relevant publications for this systematic review. [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45] Inter-rater agreement was good for study screening (kappa statistic 0.72, 95% CI: 0.57-0.87) and for quality assessment (kappa 0.75, 95% CI: 0.62-0.88). Tables 1 and 2 summarize the characteristics and main findings of the prospective and cross-sectional studies, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between obesity and anxiety disorders in the population: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2009

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Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent mental disorders in developed countries. Obesity is hypothesized to be a risk factor for anxiety disorders but evidence supporting an association between these two conditions is not clear. The objectives of this paper were to systematically review the literature for a link between obesity and anxiety disorders in the general population, and to present a pooled estimate of association. We performed a systematic search for epidemiological articles reporting on obesity (explanatory variable) and anxiety disorders (outcome variable) in seven bibliographical databases. Two independent reviewers abstracted the data and assessed study quality. We found 16 studies (2 prospective and 14 cross-sectional) that met the selection criteria. Measures of effect from prospective data were mixed but cross-sectional evidence suggested a positive association between obesity and anxiety. The pooled odds ratio from cross-sectional studies was 1.4 (confidence interval: 1.2-1.6). Subgroup analyses revealed a positive association in men and women. Overall, a moderate level of evidence exists for a positive association between obesity and anxiety disorders. Questions remain regarding the role of obesity severity and subtypes of anxiety disorders. The causal relationship from obesity to anxiety disorders could not be inferred from current data; future etiologic studies are recommended.

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“…This impression is supported by a few studies (Deaton & Arora, 2009; Krayer, Ingledew, & Iphofen, 2008; Rees et al, 2009; Visser-van Balen, 2005). Contrary to this, the findings by Kelnar (2012) and Bjerkeset et al (2008) have not shown any association between shorter stature in adolescents/adults and their mental capacities. This perception is another topic that needs to be reflected on.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…(Case & Paxson, 2008; Cheung et al, 2013; Deaton & Arora, 2009; Lee et al, 2009; Magnusson et al, 2005; Rees, Sabia, & Argys, 2009; Samaras, 2012; Balen, Sinnema, & Geenen, 2006; Balen et al, 2005). However, these associations could be related to other stressful stimuli (Bjerkeset, Romundstad, Evans, & Gunnell, 2008; Kelnar, 2012). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parents’ concerns regarding the growth characteristics of their adolescents: a qualitative inquiry in Iran

Cheraghi

Rezasoltani

Vedadhir

et al. 2018

International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well

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In recent times, parents have become increasingly concerned, both subjectively and objectively, about their adolescents' body height/weight growth. Parent-adolescent interactions about this issue and the potential socio-psychological consequences of such interactions should be considered as an important influencing factor on the future of adolescents' sexual and reproductive health. To achieve a greater understanding of such concerns, it is necessary to further elucidate parents' experiences on this topic, so as to expand the existing literature. This study aimed to explain the perceptions of parents' concerns regarding their adolescents' growth characteristics in the socio-cultural context of Iran as a transitional society. This paper is part of a larger qualitative study designed using the Constructivist Grounded Theory Methodology (CGTM). We conducted open-ended intensive interviews with eleven parents individually and recruited them through purposeful and theoretical sampling from a teaching hospital, community, and a primary school in Tehran with theoretical sampling variation in terms of teenagers' age, sex, and birth order, place of residence, parents' occupation and education, and the self-reported socio-economic status. Using the analytical procedures of the CGTM, we performed analyses. In the findings, the concept of 'living with constant sense of uncertainty' emerged from the subcategories including 'feeling existing and potential concern about expected minimum and maximum bio-positions of growth,' 'feeling potential concern about biological health consequences,' 'feeling potential concern about the emergence of early/late maturity signs,' 'feeling potential concern about adolescent's emotional threat,' 'feeling concerned about future employment, education, marriage, and fertility,' and 'feeling potential concern about the society's view'. These findings suggest that parents are living with a constant sense of uncertainty about their teens' growth characteristics throughout the transition from adolescence. All stakeholders including parents, health-care practitioners and policymakers, and anthropologists/sociologists should be focus on such concerns, in order to manage them and their possible socio-psychological burdens.

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Association of Adult Body Mass Index and Height with Anxiety, Depression, and Suicide in the General Population: The HUNT Study

Cited by 208 publications

References 41 publications

Depression and anxiety among US adults: associations with body mass index

Depression and anxiety among US adults: associations with body mass index

The association between obesity and anxiety disorders in the population: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Parents’ concerns regarding the growth characteristics of their adolescents: a qualitative inquiry in Iran

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