Association of Anergy with an Immunosuppressive Peptide Fraction in the Serum of Patients with Cancer

Glasgow, Arthur H.; Nimberg, Richard B.; Menzoı́an, James O.; Saporoschetz, Inna B.; Cooperband, Sidney R.; Schmid, Karl; Mannick, John A.

doi:10.1056/nejm197412122912401

Cited by 174 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In females its level may be physiologically higher than in males. Some relationship between our findings and immunoregulatory alpha-globulin (Glasgow et al, 1974) cannot be excluded.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 70%

Immunoelectrophoretic abnormality in sera from patients with different malignant diseases

Munzarová¹,

R²,

Trnka³

1975

Br J Cancer

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“…In females its level may be physiologically higher than in males. Some relationship between our findings and immunoregulatory alpha-globulin (Glasgow et al, 1974) cannot be excluded.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 70%

Immunoelectrophoretic abnormality in sera from patients with different malignant diseases

Munzarová¹,

R²,

Trnka³

1975

Br J Cancer

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“…Whether they represent a failure of host defense mechanisms against cancer, or a suscep tibility to cancer-inciting factors, or both is not yet known. There is considerable evidence to indicate a depressed immune status in advanced cancer (2)(3)(4) as well as substantial evidence showing that patients with compromised immunity have a greater risk of developing cancer (5,6). Patients with three primary cancers arising in distinctly different organs would seem to be an ideal population for study of the phenomenon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three Primary Cancers in Different Organs

Holmes¹,

Cole²

1975

Oncology

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In a registry of 24,105 cancers, 15 patients were found to have three primary cancers in different organs. Decreasing time intervals between sequential diagnoses and then death were noted. Occurrence and sequence of cancer sites appeared to be random. Stage of second and third cancers tended, on the average, to be more advanced than those of the first cancers. This study strengthened the hypothesis that patients with primary cancers in different organs are victims of compromised host defenses against cancer.

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“…There was detectable immunodepressive activity in sera of 66% of cancer patients who failed to exhibit delayed hypersensitivity in skin tests (27). Immunodepressive activity was found in unfractionated ascites fluid of human tumors that had metastasized to the peritoneum, whereas unfractionated effusions from noncancer patients or unfractionated sera from cancer patients were negative (29).…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…However, the discovery of an immunoregulatory protein in normal human sera (25,26) led to the detection of small amounts of immunodepressive peptides in serum of normal individuals (26) and to much larger amounts in serum of Ϸ50% of cancer patients (27,28). The peptides were noncovalently bound exclusively to ϰ-globulins in normal individuals, but much larger amounts were bound to all classes of serum proteins in the cancer patients.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The peptides were noncovalently bound exclusively to ϰ-globulins in normal individuals, but much larger amounts were bound to all classes of serum proteins in the cancer patients. The immunodepressive components were initially nondialyzable, as would be expected from their binding to proteins, but could be dissociated by low pH or high ionic strength and had molecular masses in the range from 4,000 to 7,000 Da (26,27). There are obvious parallels to the induced dialyzability of toxohormones (4,9) and the range of their molecular masses (16).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cancer cachexia: Its correlations and causes

Rubin

2003

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Cancer cachexia involves the loss of weight, mainly in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, that is not caused simply by anorexia. The syndrome includes anemia and immunosuppression along with a number of biochemical changes indicating systemic effects of the cancer. It is a major factor in morbidity and mortality from cancer. For 30 years beginning in 1948, a large number of studies reported isolation from many tumors of a heterogeneous group of small peptides, generally labeled toxohormone, that caused various correlates of cachexia shortly after injection into mice. Interest in toxohormone-like peptides then fell off for diverse reasons that had little to do with their clinical significance and was shifted to cytokines, ILs, and ectopic hormones with catabolic consequences that were sporadically found in tumors. At the same time, evidence was accumulating for an important role of pericellular proteases in driving progressive stages of neoplastic development. A central part of that evidence was the inhibition of transformation-related changes by protease inhibitors, particularly the combination present in fetal bovine serum, which fully suppressed the expression of the transformed phenotype in discrete foci of chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF) infected by Rous sarcoma virus against a confluent background of uninfected CEF. In contrast, CEF cultures heavily infected with Rous sarcoma virus in the same medium underwent pervasive transformation, which was correlated with the release of low molecular weight cytotoxic substances. Reevaluation of all of the evidence supports a central role for proteolytically generated peptides derived from tumors in producing cancer cachexia.

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Association of Anergy with an Immunosuppressive Peptide Fraction in the Serum of Patients with Cancer

Cited by 174 publications

References 13 publications

Immunoelectrophoretic abnormality in sera from patients with different malignant diseases

Immunoelectrophoretic abnormality in sera from patients with different malignant diseases

Three Primary Cancers in Different Organs

Cancer cachexia: Its correlations and causes

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