Association of Anthropometrics and Body Composition with Maximal and Relative Force and Power of Kayak Stroke in Competitive Kayak Athletes

Abstract

This study determined to what degree anthropometrics and body composition are associated with force and power outputs of a single-stroke kayak test (SSKT). Body height (BH), sitting height, biacromial distance, arm span, stroke length, body mass index (BMI), percent of skeletal muscle mass (PSMM), skeletal muscle mass index (SMMI), percent body fat (PBF) and maximal and relative force (SSKTFmax and SSKTFrel) and power (SSKTPmax and SSKTPrel) of the SSKT were assessed in 21 male kayak competitors, including sprint specialists and long-distance specialists. Correlation analysis established the association (p < 0.05) between SSKTFmax and BM (r = 0.511), BMI (r = 0.495) and SMMI (r = 0.530). A significant correlation (p < 0.05) also occurred between SSKTPmax and BMI (r = 0.471) and SMMI (r = 0.489). Regression analysis determined a significant association of the anthropometrics–body composition model of kayakers with SSKTFmax (R2 = 0.790), SSKTFRel (R2 = 0.748), SSKTPmax (R2 = 0.676) and SSKTPrel (R2 = 0.625). A longer and wider upper body supported by higher amounts of skeletal muscle mass per square of body size provides higher force outcomes in a complex single-handed SSKT, while the PSMM provides higher outcomes in SSKTPmax.

Short-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection and return to sport on neuromuscular performance, body composition, and mental health — A case series of well-trained young kayakers

“… 19 , 20 , 21 Given above, it is necessary to elucidate the influences of ARinf and RTS in athletes who demand high-level neuromuscular function and optimum body composition, such as kayakers. 22 , 23 …”

Comparative analysis of cardiorespiratory fitness, bio-motor abilities, and body composition indicators among sprint kayakers of different age groups and expertise levels

“…Enhancing the pulling motion during paddling strokes leads to a steady augmentation of the force during the entire pulling phase, resulting in better speed maintenance (Ualí et al, 2012;McKean and Burkett, 2014). Kayakers must generate considerable average power during each stroke and apply significant forces on the blade of the paddle while propelling forward to achieve the highest average boat velocity (Michael et al, 2009;Kukić et al, 2022). Muscle mass significantly affects force outcomes per paddling stroke (Kukić et al, 2022).…”

“…Kayakers must generate considerable average power during each stroke and apply significant forces on the blade of the paddle while propelling forward to achieve the highest average boat velocity (Michael et al, 2009;Kukić et al, 2022). Muscle mass significantly affects force outcomes per paddling stroke (Kukić et al, 2022). Also, higher body fatness increases the drag force and reduces the paddling efficacy (Michael et al, 2009;McDonnell et al, 2012).…”

Desain Ergometer Kayak Berdasarkan Antropometri Dan Biomekanik Atlet

“…Saat ini kayak menjadi salah satu cabang olahraga pada olimpiade, dimana terdiri dari rangkaian gerakan berulang dan waktu tertentu dibutuhkan untuk menyelesaikan satu putaran perlombaan [3]. Perlombaan kayak pada pertandingan olimpiade dan kejuraan dunia dipertandingkan pada jarak 200, 500, dan 1000 m. Untuk mempersiapkan diri pada kompetisi tersebut, Atlet kayak menjalani program latihan ketahanan, interval, repetition, dan teknik dayung yang baik di dalam maupun di luar air [4].…”