Association of Apolipoprotein A Phenotypes and Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Immune Complexes in Children

Islam, Shaheen; Gutin, Bernard; Treiber, Frank A.; Hobbs, Gerry; Kamboh, Ilyas; Lopes‐Virella, Maria F.

doi:10.1001/archpedi.153.1.57

Cited by 10 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…No difference of their levels was found in each of the 13 year groups in the children ( Figure 2) [41]. The fact that ox-Lp(a) and Lp(a)-IC were present in all the healthy children and especially in newborns was also supported by other studies [42][43][44], and anti-ox-LDL antibodies and LDL-IC were also easily detectable in asymptomatic young adults and children [45,46], suggesting that the immune response to modified lipoproteins could appear very early in the process, perhaps play an initiating role in atherosclerotic process.…”

Section: The Clinical Value Of Circulating Oxidized Lp(a)supporting

confidence: 66%

“…The results that high levels of antiox-LDL antibodies and LDL-IC are present in individuals with confirmed atherosclerosis suggest that the immune response to ox-LDL may be a secondary phenomenon, possible contributing to the development of atherosclerosis. However, the studies have shown that ox-Lp(a) and Lp(a)-IC are present in all the healthy children and especially in newborns, and that anti-ox-LDL antibodies and LDL-IC are easily detectable in asymptomatic young adults and children [45,46,58], for early arterial lesions may not present in all the children, which suggest that the immune response to modified lipoproteins could appear very early in the process, perhaps being one of the initiating factors. In fact, oxidative stress has been reported to be present early in pregnancy and children, and to be associated with arterial dysfunction and enhanced intima-media thickness [43,44].…”

Section: The Source Of Plasma Ox-lp(a)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lipoprotein(a) Oxidation, Autoimmune and Atherosclerosis

Wang¹

2012

Coronary Artery Disease - New Insights and Novel Approaches

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IntroductionLipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a plasma lipoprotein whose structure and composition closely resembles that of low density lipoprotein (LDL), but with one of additional molecule of apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)], a large glycoprotein linked to apoB by a disulfide bond (Figure 1) [1,2]. High Lp(a) levels have been established as an independent risk factor for atherocslerosis [3][4][5], and Lp(a) deposits have been found in atherosclerotic lesions but not in normal arterial walls [6][7][8].Lp(a) can be modified by oxidation in vitro, and then be taken up by macrophages by means of scavenger receptors, where it promotes their transformation into foam cells within the arterial walls [9][10][11][12][13]. Oxidized Lp(a) [ox-Lp(a)] may also induce adhesion molecular expression on monocytes, promoting their recruitment and adhesion to the endothelium [14], and influence the responsiveness of platelets to various agonists [15]. Modified forms of Lp(a), some resembling oxidized Lp(a), have been identified in human atheromatous lesions [16]. In addition, ox-Lp(a) causes significant changes in apo(a) conformation, which could enhance the interaction of these particles with plasminogen binding sites as well as macrophage scavenger receptors, resulting in increased inhibitory effect on plasminogen activation and finally leading to attenuate fibrinolytic activity [17].Ox-Lp(a) has been reported to play more potent role than native Lp(a) in atherosclerosis [10,14,17,18], and autoantibodies against ox-Lp(a), Lp(a) immune complexes [Lp(a)-IC] have also been detected in vivo simultaneously [19,20]. The present review article focuses specifically on the relationship between Lp(a) oxidation, autoimmune and atherosclerosis together with our recent work. The pathogenic role of oxidized Lp(a)Lp(a) contains a large specific glycoprotein called apo(a), attached by a single disulfide bridge to apoB 100 of LDL (Figure 1). The adverse cardiovascular qualities of Lp(a) have been related to both its LDL-like properties (i.e., formation of foam cells) and its presumed role in fibrinolysis. www.intechopen.comCoronary Artery Disease -New Insights and Novel Approaches 50 Lp(a) oxidationThe structure, fatty acid composition, and antioxidant concentrations of Lp(a) and LDL are quite similar [21]. In vitro studies have shown that Lp(a) can be modified by oxidation (both chemical and cellular-mediated) in a fashion similar to LDL [22]. This modification, which involved lipid peroxidation measured as thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), caused marked changes in the structure and biological properties of Lp(a). Relative to native Lp(a), oxidized particles showed decreases of free amino groups and protein fragmentation, increased negative charge, and high aggregation ability. They were taken up and degraded readily by human monocyte/macrophages by means of scavenger receptors, a known pathway for clearance of ox-LDL in atheroma, inducing cholesteryl ester accumulation and promoting their transformation into foam cells within the arterial w...

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Section: The Clinical Value Of Circulating Oxidized Lp(a)supporting

confidence: 66%

Section: The Source Of Plasma Ox-lp(a)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipoprotein(a) Oxidation, Autoimmune and Atherosclerosis

Wang¹

2012

Coronary Artery Disease - New Insights and Novel Approaches

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“…demonstrated increased antibody titres but normal levels of ox‐LDL in children of hypercholesterolaemic parents. İslam et al 39 . found correlated levels of ox‐LDL immune complexes with lipid parameters in children who had a family history of premature coronary artery stenosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Barros et al 38 demonstrated increased antibody titres but normal levels of ox-LDL in children of hypercholesterolaemic parents. Islam et al 39 found correlated levels of ox-LDL immune complexes with lipid parameters in children who had a family history of premature coronary artery stenosis. ADMA levels have been found to be higher in children with high blood pressure and pulmonary hypertension due to congenital heart disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum leptin, oxidized low density lipoprotein and plasma asymmetric dimethylarginine levels and their relationship with dyslipidaemia in adolescent girls with polycystic ovary syndrome

Demirel¹,

Bıdecı²,

Cınaz³

et al. 2007

Clinical Endocrinology

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“…More recently, there is growing interest in extending this link by investigating whether and to what degree physical health in early life is predictive of later mental health and functional outcomes [5,6]. In particular, there has been growing interest in the linkages between early immune functioning and later health outcomes [7-9]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between infection early in life and mental disorders among youth in the community: a cross-sectional study

Goodwin

2011

BMC Public Health

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BackgroundThe objective of this study was to examine the association between infection early in life and mental disorders among youth in the community.MethodsData were drawn from the MECA (Methods in Epidemiology of Child and Adolescent psychopathology), a community-based study of 1,285 youth in the United States conducted in 1992. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the association between parent/caregiver-reported infection early in life and DSM/DISC diagnoses of mental disorders at ages 9-17.ResultsInfection early in life was associated with a significantly increased odds of major depression (OR = 3.9), social phobia (OR = 5.8), overanxious disorder (OR = 6.1), panic disorder (OR = 12.1), and oppositional defiant disorder (OR = 3.7).ConclusionsThese findings are consistent with and extend previous results by providing new evidence suggesting a link between infection early in life and increased risk of depression and anxiety disorders among youth. These results should be considered preliminary. Replication of these findings with longitudinal epidemiologic data is needed. Possible mechanisms are discussed.

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Association of Apolipoprotein A Phenotypes and Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Immune Complexes in Children

Cited by 10 publications

References 47 publications

Lipoprotein(a) Oxidation, Autoimmune and Atherosclerosis

Lipoprotein(a) Oxidation, Autoimmune and Atherosclerosis

Serum leptin, oxidized low density lipoprotein and plasma asymmetric dimethylarginine levels and their relationship with dyslipidaemia in adolescent girls with polycystic ovary syndrome

Association between infection early in life and mental disorders among youth in the community: a cross-sectional study

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