Association of arterial events with the coexistence of metabolic syndrome and primary antiphospholipid syndrome

Abstract

Objective. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is highly prevalent in rheumatic diseases and is recognized as a new independent cardiovascular risk factor. This study was undertaken to determine the clinical significance of MetS in patients with primary antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Methods. Seventy-one primary APS patients and 73 age-and sex-matched healthy controls were included. Serum samples were tested for lipid profile, Lp(a), glucose, insulin, thyroid-stimulating hormone, free T4, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein level, and uric acid. MetS was defined by the International Diabetes Federation criteria, and insulin resistance was established using the homeostasis model assessment index. Results. The prevalence of MetS was 33.8%, and further comparison between primary APS patients with and withoutMetS revealed that the former had a higher frequency of arterial events (79.2% versus 42.6%; P ‫؍‬ 0.003), angina (29.2% versus 2.1%; P ‫؍‬ 0.002), and positive lupus anticoagulant antibody (95.8% versus 76.6%; P ‫؍‬ 0.049). In addition, primary APS patients with MetS, as expected, had a higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors. On multivariate analysis, only MetS was independently associated with arterial events in primary APS. Conclusion. Coexistence of primary APS and MetS seems to identify a subgroup of patients with higher risk of arterial events, suggesting that MetS may aggravate existing endothelial abnormalities of primary APS.

Dyslipidemia and its relationship with antiphospholipid antibodies in APS patients in North Kerala

“…There are very few published articles to compare the lipid abnormalities of APS patients with the results obtained in the present study (4,5). Both mentioned studies have not compared individual lipid abnormalities with separate laboratory parameters of the APS test.…”

“…The finding noted in one of the studies was that patients with APS had lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels than those without APS. However, the study did not test the relationship between individual laboratory tests for APS and lipid profile abnormalities (5). No study has determined the relationship between individual laboratory tests for APS and lipid profile abnormalities (6)(7)(8).…”

“…patients were more than those in the general population (4,5). The finding noted in one of the studies was that patients with APS had lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels than those without APS.…”

Pathogenic and Therapeutic Role of Vitamin D in Antiphospholipid Syndrome Patients

“…Recently, prevalence of MetS among PAPS patients has been assessed by Medina et al [3] and Rodrigues et al [27]. Both surveys were performed in Hispanics among whom MetS has the highest prevalence [28].…”

“…Both surveys were performed in Hispanics among whom MetS has the highest prevalence [28]. Defined by the IDF criteria, the prevalence of MetS among 71 Brazilian PAPS patients was 33.8% [27]. [3].…”