Association of basic vaccination with cognitive and learning ability among children: insights from the India Human Development Survey, 2004–05 and 2011–12

Joe, William; Verma, Ajay

doi:10.1017/s0021932020000760

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Studies have shown that children who had received vaccinations against common childhood infections such as measles and pertussis had better cognitive outcomes than their unvaccinated counterparts. 42,43 This highlights the wider importance of vaccination against childhood infections, including the need for better control of infections that we do not currently have vaccines for.…”

Section: Comparisons With Other Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between early infections and childhood cognition in the Newcastle Thousand Families Study birth cohort

Pennock,

Slack,

Grebby

et al. 2023

J Dev Orig Health Dis

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Childhood infections have been shown to stunt growth, contribute to malnutrition and reduce cognition in early adulthood. This study aimed to assess relationships between early life infections and childhood cognition at age 11 years in the Newcastle Thousand Families Study (NTFS). The analysis included 741 members from the NTFS who had complete data for infections between birth and 5 years, and the 11-plus examinations. School records from the 11-plus examinations showed cognitive (IQ), English (EQ) and arithmetic (AQ) abilities. Housing conditions, overcrowding, birth order and social class were recorded at birth. Helicobacter pylori seropositivity was measured at age 49–51 years. Multivariable linear regression was used to examine relationships between infections and cognition. The total number of infections in the first 5 years of life was not significantly associated with IQ, EQ or AQ, nor were there significant relationships between cognitive outcomes and most infections. Tonsillitis did display a positive, significant association with IQ after adjustment for confounders (b = 6.43, 95% CI 0.92, 11.94, p = 0.022). Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) showed significant negative relationships with all cognitive outcomes. H. pylori seropositivity at age 50 exhibited negative, significant relationships with EQ (p = 0.014) and AQ (p = 0.024) after adjustment for confounders. Although no significant relationship between overall infections and cognition were found, there were indications that LRTIs and gastrointestinal system infections may limit cognitive development. Given these infections remain prevalent, further research regarding severity and recurrence of infections and how they affect childhood cognition is needed.

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Section: Comparisons With Other Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between early infections and childhood cognition in the Newcastle Thousand Families Study birth cohort

Pennock,

Slack,

Grebby

et al. 2023

J Dev Orig Health Dis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Routine childhood vaccination plays a vital role in protecting the children from vaccine preventable diseases (11). Infection in the early stages of life may adverse affect the health of a child which could result in poor growth, stunting, disabilities and decreased cognitive capacity and have a long term effect, affecting the health during adult life (12).…”

Section: Developmental Benefits Of Childhood Immunizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Routine Childhood Immunization: Its health, developmental, economic and social benefits

Sangma,

Rasania,

Vijayan

et al. 2023

Indian J Community Health

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Introduction: Immunization plays a pivotal role in public health. It is one of the most cost-effective inventions that have helped bring down a significant amount of burden of diseases among under-five children, some of which are now on the verge of extinction. Objective: To assess the diverse benefits of routine childhood immunization. Methodology: A literature review was conducted using electronic database to understand the broader benefits of immunization. Results: Studies have shown that routine childhood immunization have been able to reduce the incidence of influenza and other targeted diseases (diphtheria, Haemophilus influenzae type b, measles, mumps, polio, and rubella) by 17% and 100% respectively. Conclusion: Vaccines are known to have protective and positive health benefit which extends beyond infancy and childhood. It is therefore one of the best strategies in public health to reduce morbidity and mortality and enable child survival.

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“…13 A 2022 observational study by Joe and Kumar Verma studied childhood vaccination and learning attainment in India, using two waves of the India Health and Development Survey (IHDS). 14 The authors found that fully vaccinated children had better reading, writing and math performance than unvaccinated children, and argue that enhancing child vaccination coverage could improve educational outcomes. 14 While based on a large, nationally representative sample, this study failed to consider the hierarchical structure of the data in the statistical analysis.…”

Section: What Is Already Known On This Topicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of zero-dose vaccination status in early childhood and level of community socioeconomic development on learning attainment in preadolescence in India: a population-based cohort study

Johri,

Ng,

Sharkey

et al. 2023

bmjph

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Introduction‘Zero-dose’ children (infants who fail to receive the first dose of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis-containing vaccine) face substantial adversity in early childhood and may be at risk of failure to thrive. To inform a new global policy, we studied the relationship between zero-dose vaccination status in early childhood and learning attainment in preadolescence, and considered whether community socioeconomic development moderated these relationships.MethodsWe constructed a population cohort from the 2019 India Human Development Survey panel dataset to study the comparative performance of zero-dose versus vaccinated children identified in wave I (2004–2005) on basic learning tests at ages 8–11 in wave II (2011–2012). The outcome was a sum of reading, writing and math scores ranging from 0 (no knowledge) to 8. We fit three linear regression models examining whether child zero-dose status predicts learning attainment: a crude model, a main effects model including all prespecified covariates, and a model including an interaction between child zero-dose status and community development level.ResultsThe analytic sample included 3781 children from 3781 households in 1699 communities, representing 18.2 million children. Predicted learning attainment scores for zero-dose children were lower than those for vaccinated children by −1.698 (95% CI −2.02 to −1.37; p<0.001) points (crude model) and −0.477 (95% CI −0.78 to −0.18; p<0.001) points (adjusted for all prespecified covariates). We found strong evidence of effect modification. The model including all prespecified correlates and an interaction predicted no effect of child zero-dose status in urban areas (p=0.830) or more developed rural villages (p=0.279), but an important effect in the least developed rural villages, where zero-dose children were expected to have test scores −0.750 (95% CI −1.15 to −0.344; p<0.001) points lower than vaccinated children.ConclusionZero-dose children living in contexts of very low socioeconomic development are at elevated risk of poor learning attainment in preadolescence.

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Association of basic vaccination with cognitive and learning ability among children: insights from the India Human Development Survey, 2004–05 and 2011–12

Cited by 8 publications

References 30 publications

Associations between early infections and childhood cognition in the Newcastle Thousand Families Study birth cohort

Associations between early infections and childhood cognition in the Newcastle Thousand Families Study birth cohort

Routine Childhood Immunization: Its health, developmental, economic and social benefits

Effects of zero-dose vaccination status in early childhood and level of community socioeconomic development on learning attainment in preadolescence in India: a population-based cohort study

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