Association of Blood Lead Level With Clinical and Renal Parameters in a Group of Egyptian Lead Exposed Workers

Abstract

Introduction: Occupational lead exposure increases the risk for adverse renal outcomes. Lead has been reported to cause nephrotoxicity by several mechanisms. Moreover, lead toxicity induces various effects on many organs. Aim of Work: to study the association between blood lead level and some renal and clinical parameters among workers exposed to lead. Materials and Methods: The study included 120 lead exposed workers (galvanic painting) seeking periodic medical examination. The workers answered a questionnaire including questions regarding their socio-demographic characteristics and medical complaints. Also, a blood sample was withdrawn for measuring blood lead level, serum creatinine, serum uric acid and blood urea. Results: The percentage of workers with blood lead level ≥ 20 microgram/dl (µg/dl) presenting with abdominal pain, tremors and tingling of the extremities was significantly higher than the percentage of workers with blood lead level less than 20 µg/dl reporting the same symptoms. Moreover, the mean serum uric acid was significantly higher among workers with blood lead level ≥ 20 µg/dl than among those with blood lead level less than 20µg/dl. Conclusion: Lead exposed workers are at risk of several system affection including the kidneys. This necessitates the undertaking preventive measures to control exposure at the workplace and also periodic medical examination is highly recommended.